Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes

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4 Questions

What is the main characteristic of type 2 diabetes?

Peripheral insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion

What contributes to the insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes?

Elevated levels of free fatty acids and proinflammatory cytokines in plasma

What is the role of excess glucagon in type 2 diabetes?

Contributes to hyperglucagonemia and hyperglycemia

What was found to be at least 4-fold higher in normoglycemic individuals with high fasting plasma concentrations prior to the onset of diabetes?

Future risk of diabetes

Study Notes

Type 2 Diabetes Characteristics

  • Insulin resistance is the main characteristic of type 2 diabetes.

Insulin Resistance Contributors

  • Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes is contributed to by a combination of factors, including genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.

Excess Glucagon Role

  • Excess glucagon in type 2 diabetes further contributes to hyperglycemia by stimulating glucose production in the liver.

Risk Factors

  • High levels of 1-h postload plasma glucose were found to be at least 4-fold higher in normoglycemic individuals with high fasting plasma concentrations prior to the onset of diabetes.

Test your knowledge of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes with this quiz. Explore the key factors such as insulin resistance, inadequate insulin secretion, elevated free fatty acids, proinflammatory cytokines, and glucagon imbalance.

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