WK 11: Pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes

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Questions and Answers

Which cell type is responsible for the destruction of beta cells in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

  • B cells
  • Natural killer cells
  • Macrophages
  • Cytotoxic T cells (correct)

What is the significance of antibodies to the pancreas in the context of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

  • They are responsible for diabetes onset
  • They are precluded in older individuals
  • They are a surrogate marker of disease process (correct)
  • They cause beta cell destruction

Which of the following populations has the highest risk for developing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

  • Monozygotic twins (correct)
  • Dizygotic twins
  • Second-degree relatives
  • Individuals with no family history of the disease

Which of the following symptoms is more likely to present in older individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

<p>Weight loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key management goal for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

<p>Avoiding complications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which study is known for evaluating Diabetes Control and Complications in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

<p>DCCT (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the important aspects to consider in the management of severely insulin deficient Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

<p>Insulin Pump Therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying cause of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

<p>Autoimmune destruction of beta cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in children?

<p>All presentations before 6 months are genetic in origin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of management in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

<p>To achieve near-normal blood glucose levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an available management option for patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

<p>Insulin Pump Therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge in the diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

<p>Differentiating it from Type 2 Diabetes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an implication of the heterogenous nature of Type 1 Diabetes?

<p>We are moving towards a spectrum of diabetes classification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

<p>Diabetes education (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about carbohydrate counting in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

<p>The CHO ratio is used to calculate the amount of insulin required to cover carbohydrates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glucogenic amino acids in the body?

<p>They are turned into alpha ketoacids which are further converted into glucose. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about insulin pump therapy for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

<p>It helps in achieving a flexible patient-controlled basal bolus regimen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, which amino acids are both glucogenic and ketogenic?

<p>Isoleucine, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Threonine, Tryptophan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy density of fat in comparison to carbohydrates?

<p>Fat is more energy-dense than carbohydrates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option is referred to as the 'artificial pancreas'?

<p>Insulin pump therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cornerstone of therapy when managing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

<p>Carbohydrate counting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In type 1 diabetes mellitus, which of the following is responsible for the genetic defects in pathways of insulin synthesis, processing, and signaling?

<p>B-cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What glucose level is indicative of a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in terms of 2-hour glucose levels?

<p>≥ 11.1 mmol/L (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term Arataeus used to describe diabetes mellitus due to the presence of sweetness in the urine?

<p>Mellitus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological response occurs to fasting as described in the text?

<p>Lipolysis and Ketogenesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nutrients is mentioned as an alternative fuel source in prolonged fasts?

<p>Ketones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What system is responsible for a specific immune response to an immune trigger like an antigen?

<p>Innate immune system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the balance in the immune system between recognizing non-self antigens and self-antigens?

<p>Tolerance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Insulin is secreted in response to caloric consumption in how many phases as mentioned in the text?

<p>2 phases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an action of insulin mentioned in the text?

<p>Increasing ketogenesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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