24 Questions
What are the most common and medically important causes of inflammation?
Infections and microbial toxins
What is the outcome of the interaction between the type of pathogen and the host response?
Determines the type of inflammatory response
What can cause tissue necrosis?
Ischemia, trauma, and physical and chemical injury
What can trigger inflammation?
Molecules released from necrotic cells
What are autoimmune diseases often associated with?
Chronic inflammation
What induces autoimmune and allergic reactions?
Cytokines produced by T lymphocytes and other cells
What is a characteristic of acute inflammation?
Exudation of fluid and plasma proteins, emigration of leukocytes
What is the primary cause of tissue damage in autoimmune diseases?
Misdirected inflammatory reaction against self tissues
What is a common feature of chronic inflammation?
Tissue destruction and scarring
What is the term for a systemic inflammatory reaction that causes widespread pathologic abnormalities?
Sepsis
What is the primary difference between acute and chronic inflammation?
Duration of the reaction
What is a common result of chronic inflammation?
Fibrosis and scarring
What is the term for inflammation that arises in response to self antigens?
Autoimmune disease
What is a common underlying mechanism of chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis?
Inflammation
What is the function of macrophage scavenger receptors?
To recognize and bind to modified LDL particles and microbes
What is the primary function of opsonins in phagocytosis?
To enhance the efficiency of phagocytosis
What is the result of the fusion of a phagosome with a lysosomal granule?
The formation of a phagolysosome
What is the function of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in neutrophils?
To convert hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorite
What is the function of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in macrophages?
To generate peroxynitrite, a highly reactive free radical
What is the function of lysozyme in neutrophils and macrophages?
To break down bacterial cell walls
What is the function of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)?
To trap and concentrate antimicrobial substances at sites of infection
What is a consequence of excessive or inappropriate leukocyte activation?
Tissue injury and pathology
What do activated leukocytes produce in addition to antimicrobial factors?
All of the above
What is a possible outcome of the acute inflammatory response?
Tissue injury and pathology
This quiz covers the mechanisms of infections caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic pathogens, as well as tissue necrosis resulting from ischemia, trauma, and physical and chemical injury.
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