Stress Response

<p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suppression of the immune system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Release of cortisol from the adrenal medulla (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>β-adrenergic receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They work together, but each system has a distinct role (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced digestive function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both A and B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HPA axis - Regulating long-term stress adaptation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic cortisol downregulates glucocorticoid receptors, leading to an inability to effectively manage stress responses and impacting cognitive function. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GR downregulation leads to an inability to suppress proinflammatory cytokine production. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute stress is short-lived, while chronic stress is prolonged and can lead to negative health consequences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced immune function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mobilization of energy reserves for immediate action (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amygdala (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serotonin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reduces hippocampal volume, impairing memory and emotional regulation, increasing the risk of depression and PTSD. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased heart rate, blood pressure, and alertness, preparing the body for a fight-or-flight response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines contribute to depression, anxiety, and neurodegeneration, exacerbating the effects of chronic stress. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic stress decreases dopamine signaling, leading to motivational problems and increased risk of depression and addiction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced prefrontal cortex function, improving decision-making and emotional regulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolonged activation of the HPA axis, decreased serotonin levels, and hippocampal atrophy, all contributing to depressive symptoms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Physiological reaction to perceived threats, engaging SNS and HPA axis.

Part of ANS responsible for immediate stress responses, activating fight-or-flight.

A physiological reaction designed to prepare the body to either confront or flee from stressors.

Hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine released during stress for immediate energy.

A catecholamine that increases heart rate, energy, and readiness during stress.

A system regulating the long-term stress response by releasing hormones like cortisol.

A hormone released in response to stress, helping to regulate metabolism and immune response.

Receptors activated by catecholamines, including α and β types impacting blood flow and heart rate.

Cortisol mobilizes energy and suppresses non-essential bodily functions during stress.

The process of forming glucose from non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids.

Prolonged cortisol can cause fat accumulation, impaired memory, and immune suppression.

The Sympathetic Nervous System prepares the body for 'fight-or-flight' response.

The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis regulates longer-term stress responses and energy availability.

Acute stress is short-term and beneficial; chronic stress is long-term and harmful.

Chronic stress can lead to mental illnesses like anxiety, depression, and PTSD.

Chronic cortisol downregulates receptors, increasing inflammation and cytokine production.

A prolonged state of heightened alertness causing negative health effects.

Elevated cortisol due to prolonged stress impacts bodily functions.

Continuous stimulation of the HPA axis leading to excessive cortisol secretion.

Impairment of the hippocampus due to chronic stress affecting memory and emotions.

Molecules that promote inflammation, elevated in chronic stress conditions.

Increased activity in the amygdala linked to heightened fear responses.

Lower levels of serotonin associated with mood disorders due to chronic stress.

A mental health disorder linked to chronic stress, serotonin reduction, and hippocampal atrophy.