Pathophysiology: DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the basic structural unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes?

  • Histone proteins
  • Genes
  • Nucleosome (correct)
  • Chromosomes

Which process uses the information encoded in a gene to direct the assembly of a protein molecule?

  • Gene Expression (correct)
  • Proteins
  • DNA Transcription
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) Translation

What is the segment of DNA that encodes proteins?

  • Histone proteins
  • Nucleosomes
  • Chromosomes
  • Genes (correct)

What are the coding regions of a gene called?

<p>Exons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the base sequences for 'start' and 'stop,' and regions of DNA that function as promoters of gene transcription?

<p>Promoter sequences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the polypeptide formed in gene expression?

<p>Nucleotide sequence in the gene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which regulatory molecules act as transcription factors by binding to the promoter region and help turn specific genes 'on' or 'off'?

<p>Hormones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do activators function in terms of gene transcription?

<p>Boost gene transcription (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for groups of transcription factor binding sites that can turn a gene 'on' or 'off' in specific parts of the body?

<p>Enhancers and silencers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of chromosomes are present in each human cell?

<p>23 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of chromosomes do males have?

<p>XY (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During meiosis in humans, how many chromosomes do each sperm and ovum receive?

<p>23 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What refers to different forms of a gene at a specific location on paired chromosomes?

<p>Allele (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Punnett squares predict in terms of genetic inheritance?

<p>Probability of inheritance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of mutation is characterized by a single nucleotide change in the DNA sequence?

<p>Point mutation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do congenital anomalies refer to?

<p>Disorders present at birth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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