Pathophysiology: DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the basic structural unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes?

  • Histone proteins
  • Genes
  • Nucleosome (correct)
  • Chromosomes
  • Which process uses the information encoded in a gene to direct the assembly of a protein molecule?

  • Gene Expression (correct)
  • Proteins
  • DNA Transcription
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) Translation
  • What is the segment of DNA that encodes proteins?

  • Histone proteins
  • Nucleosomes
  • Chromosomes
  • Genes (correct)
  • What are the coding regions of a gene called?

    <p>Exons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the base sequences for 'start' and 'stop,' and regions of DNA that function as promoters of gene transcription?

    <p>Promoter sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the polypeptide formed in gene expression?

    <p>Nucleotide sequence in the gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regulatory molecules act as transcription factors by binding to the promoter region and help turn specific genes 'on' or 'off'?

    <p>Hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do activators function in terms of gene transcription?

    <p>Boost gene transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for groups of transcription factor binding sites that can turn a gene 'on' or 'off' in specific parts of the body?

    <p>Enhancers and silencers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of chromosomes are present in each human cell?

    <p>23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chromosomes do males have?

    <p>XY</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During meiosis in humans, how many chromosomes do each sperm and ovum receive?

    <p>23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What refers to different forms of a gene at a specific location on paired chromosomes?

    <p>Allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Punnett squares predict in terms of genetic inheritance?

    <p>Probability of inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mutation is characterized by a single nucleotide change in the DNA sequence?

    <p>Point mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do congenital anomalies refer to?

    <p>Disorders present at birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

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