16 Questions
What is the basic structural unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes?
Nucleosome
Which process uses the information encoded in a gene to direct the assembly of a protein molecule?
Gene Expression
What is the segment of DNA that encodes proteins?
Genes
What are the coding regions of a gene called?
Exons
What are the base sequences for 'start' and 'stop,' and regions of DNA that function as promoters of gene transcription?
Promoter sequences
What determines the polypeptide formed in gene expression?
Nucleotide sequence in the gene
Which regulatory molecules act as transcription factors by binding to the promoter region and help turn specific genes 'on' or 'off'?
Hormones
How do activators function in terms of gene transcription?
Boost gene transcription
What is the term for groups of transcription factor binding sites that can turn a gene 'on' or 'off' in specific parts of the body?
Enhancers and silencers
How many pairs of chromosomes are present in each human cell?
23
What type of chromosomes do males have?
XY
During meiosis in humans, how many chromosomes do each sperm and ovum receive?
23
What refers to different forms of a gene at a specific location on paired chromosomes?
Allele
What do Punnett squares predict in terms of genetic inheritance?
Probability of inheritance
What type of mutation is characterized by a single nucleotide change in the DNA sequence?
Point mutation
What do congenital anomalies refer to?
Disorders present at birth
Learn about cell nucleus, chromosomes, DNA, and genes in the context of pathophysiology for health sciences. Understand the structure of nucleosome and the process of gene expression.
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