Exam+one+Study+guide+Pathophysiology.docx

Exam one Study guide Pathophysiology (2024) Typically, I use multiple choice, matching, true/false. I also have a couple of short discussion questions at the end of the test. You might be asked to describe a disease, difference between humoral and cell mediated immunity, or something like that. I wi...

Exam one Study guide Pathophysiology (2024) Typically, I use multiple choice, matching, true/false. I also have a couple of short discussion questions at the end of the test. You might be asked to describe a disease, difference between humoral and cell mediated immunity, or something like that. I will try to keep it around 80 questions (including the discussion part). For example, 70 questions and then 2 short answer discussion questions worth 5 points each. The test questions will come from your notes and the lecture so any extra things I talked about to enhance the lecture might be on the test. Your daily words also might be on the test. Chapter one (Introduction to Pathophysiology) Review the notes and the homework. Pay special attention to definitions scattered through the notes. What is the normal heart rate? What’s white coat syndrome? What organization in the USA collects information and makes recommendations? What are the 3 steps in research? What is a double-blind study? What gene did Angelina Jolie have and what decision did she make because of it? How do we prevent disease? Who publishes the MMWR and what is the difference between morbidity and mortality? What are the criteria for brain death? Chapter two (Cellular response to stress, injury and aging) Review the notes and the homework. Pay special attention to the definitions scattered throughout the notes. What is the main criteria for a cell to function. What are the four common biochemical themes? What is the most common cause of hypoxia? Be able to describe what happens when a cell or tissue has hypoxic injury. What are the 3 stages of stress? How does the body respond to stress? What are some of the extreme physiological stressors? Is aging a disease? What is normal life span for men? For women? What are the 3 major areas of study suggesting the causes of aging. Chapter three (Genetic and congenital disorders) Review the notes and the homework. Pay special attention to all definitions. Know the normal number and classification of chromosomes. What is the leading cause of mental retardation and miscarriage? Compare amniocentesis and CVS. How are identifiable syndromes described (there is a formula) What are the two main causes of congenital disorders? Know the types of aneuploidies. What the three autosomal aneuploidy examples that result in live birth What is the most common trisomy among miscarried fetuses? What is the best know example of trisomy? Be able to describe the symptoms of number 11. What are the examples of sex chromosome aneuploidies we discussed. Know the main symptoms and what is wrong. Is the mother or father at fault for the above? Know the main symptoms of the autosomal dominant disorders we discussed. Know the main symptoms of the autosomal recessive disorders we discussed. What is the best-known lysosomal storage disorder? What are the X linked disorders we discussed. Know the main symptoms of each (and any diagnostic tests we covered) We rounded out the chapter with multifactorial inheritance disorders. Know the details on Cleft lip or cleft palate. Finally, we talked about Mitochondrial DNA disorders. Review those and be able to discuss symptoms. Be sure you can properly place the disorders in the right categories. For example, Myoclonic epilepsy is a mitochondrial DNA disorder, Red-Green colorblindness is an X linked disorder, etc. Chapter four (Inflammation and Healing): Review the notes and the homework. Pay special attention to the definitions. Know the classifications for immunity (first line, second line, third line) What is the difference between humoral and cell mediated immunity? What is inflammation and what are the steps? What are the cardinal signs of inflammation? What are the systemic effects of inflammation? What are the diagnostic tests? What are the complications of inflammation? How is it treated? What can’t you give aspirin to children? What are NSAIDS? What are the adverse effects of glucocorticoids? What is RICE? What is the two-step process required to become allergic to a substance? What was the little boy in the scenario allergic to? How do the test for allergies? What role does IgE play in allergies? What is exercised induced anaphylaxis? What are some other examples of unusual allergic reactions? (Know the information on these) Classify all the information on Type I, Type II, Type III, and Type IV allergies and know the clinical information. I picked a few autoimmune disorders to round out the chapter. Know the symptoms of each, outcomes, and treatments. What is plasmapheresis used for? Daily words: Deep Brain Stimulation Genetic mosaic Bradyphrenia Pectus carinatum Deuteranomaly Heterochromia Rhabdomyolysis Consanguinity Neuroplasticity Nocturnal lagophthalmos Myokymia