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Pathophysiology Topic Summaries 2019

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of homeostasis?

The imbalance of body's internal environment

The tendency of the body to maintain a stable, constant internal environment (correct)

The fluctuation of body temperature

The process of regulating the body's external environment

Which hormone regulates blood pressure and kidney function?

Aldosterone (correct)

ADH

Calcitonin

ANP

What is the physiological action of cortisol?

Promotes glycogen synthesis in the liver

Increases blood sugar levels (correct)

Stimulates breakdown of proteins for energy

Induces sleep and relaxation

What is the primary cause of adaptation disorders in General Adaptation Syndrome?

Prolonged exposure to stressors (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of superoxide dismutase in defense against free radicals?

It neutralizes superoxide anions into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of chloride ion?

It is predominantly found in the intracellular fluid (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary hormone responsible for the regulation of water reabsorption in the body?

Vasopressin (ADH) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor exerts its effects on both the adrenal cortex and medulla?

Epinephrine (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a physiological action of cortisol?

Stimulation of thyroid hormone release (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main defense mechanism against oxygen-derived free radicals?

Superoxide dismutase (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of alterations in neuromuscular irritability due to metabolic causes as described in the text?

Magnesium metabolism disorders (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is NOT mentioned in relation to water balance regulation in the text?

D-hormone (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Angiotensin-aldosterone system as mentioned in the text?

Regulation of blood pressure and kidney function (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the environment as described in the text?

Neurohormonal factors on adrenal cortex (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of chloride ion?

Distribution in extracellular (EC) fluid (A) Signup and view all the answers