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Pathology of Thyroid Gland: Goitre Definition, Types, and Morphology

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Pathology of Thyroid Gland: Goitre Definition, Types, and Morphology

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Questions and Answers

What is the pathogenesis of simple goitre?

Involution of follicular cells

Repeated cycles of iodine deficiency and correction

↑ hormone synthesis + ↑ TSH Hyperplasia

Symmetrical diffuse enlargement of follicular cells (correct)

Which type of goitre is characterized by asymmetrical, nodular enlargement and irregular thyroid surface?

Multinodular goitre (correct)

Colloid goitre

Simple goitre

Toxic goitre

What is the characteristic microscopic feature of multinodular goitre?

Diffuse enlargement of thyroid follicles

Follicles lined by flat cells and filled with colloid

Variable sized nodules separated by fibrous tissue (correct)

Enlargement of follicular cells

What can repeated cycles of iodine deficiency and correction lead to in the thyroid?

Symmetrical diffuse enlargement Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of non-toxic endemic goitre?

Increased demands during pregnancy, lactation, and puberty Signup and view all the answers

Which type of goitre is mostly caused by impaired thyroid hormone synthesis due to iodine deficiency?

Endemic goitre Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pathogenesis of diffuse colloid (simple) goitre?

Impaired synthesis of thyroid hormones due to iodine deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is a common cause of sporadic non-toxic goitre in young females?

Ingestion of substances like cabbage and cauliflower Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific feature of Graves disease that distinguishes it from other causes of hyperthyroidism?

Exophthalmos Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

Atrophic follicles with intense lymphocytic infiltration Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of Subacute Granulomatous Thyroiditis?

Transient self-limited nature Signup and view all the answers

Which neoplastic condition is associated with the development of goitre?

Papillary thyroid carcinomas Signup and view all the answers