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Questions and Answers
Which gland is divided into adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis?
Which gland is divided into adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis?
Which type of cells in the anterior pituitary gland take up acidic dyes?
Which type of cells in the anterior pituitary gland take up acidic dyes?
Which hormone is secreted by both chromophobes and basophils in the pituitary gland?
Which hormone is secreted by both chromophobes and basophils in the pituitary gland?
Which hormone from the anterior pituitary gland stimulates bone growth?
Which hormone from the anterior pituitary gland stimulates bone growth?
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Which hormone from the posterior pituitary gland facilitates the absorption of water in the kidneys?
Which hormone from the posterior pituitary gland facilitates the absorption of water in the kidneys?
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What condition is characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy of thyroid cells?
What condition is characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy of thyroid cells?
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Which disease is characterized by hypothyroidism and an enlarged thyroid gland?
Which disease is characterized by hypothyroidism and an enlarged thyroid gland?
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What is the main function of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) synthesized by the thyroid gland?
What is the main function of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) synthesized by the thyroid gland?
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What is the term for a benign tumor arising from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
What is the term for a benign tumor arising from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
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What is the term for a tumor that causes pressure effect and can be associated with overproduction of hormones?
What is the term for a tumor that causes pressure effect and can be associated with overproduction of hormones?
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Which condition is characterized by diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland due to hyperplasia of thyroid cells?
Which condition is characterized by diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland due to hyperplasia of thyroid cells?
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What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in areas where iodine is readily available?
What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in areas where iodine is readily available?
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Which condition is characterized by the immune system destroying its own thyroid tissue, leading to progressive depletion of thyroid cells and fibrosis?
Which condition is characterized by the immune system destroying its own thyroid tissue, leading to progressive depletion of thyroid cells and fibrosis?
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Which type of thyroid carcinoma is associated with an increased risk of lymph node metastasis?
Which type of thyroid carcinoma is associated with an increased risk of lymph node metastasis?
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Which type of thyroid carcinoma has an increased risk of metastasis to bone, lung, and liver?
Which type of thyroid carcinoma has an increased risk of metastasis to bone, lung, and liver?
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Which type of thyroid carcinoma arises from C cells and is associated with multiple endocrine neoplasm (MEN 2) syndrome?
Which type of thyroid carcinoma arises from C cells and is associated with multiple endocrine neoplasm (MEN 2) syndrome?
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Which condition is characterized by the accumulation of soft tissue and inflammatory cells behind the eye, leading to proptosis?
Which condition is characterized by the accumulation of soft tissue and inflammatory cells behind the eye, leading to proptosis?
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Which condition is characterized by the thickening and induration of the skin on the anterior shin, known as pre-tibial myxoedema?
Which condition is characterized by the thickening and induration of the skin on the anterior shin, known as pre-tibial myxoedema?
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What is the term for the benign tumour of the thyroid follicular cells?
What is the term for the benign tumour of the thyroid follicular cells?
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What is the term for the softening of the trachea, which collapses and obstructs the airways?
What is the term for the softening of the trachea, which collapses and obstructs the airways?
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Which of the following is NOT a learning objective mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a learning objective mentioned in the text?
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What is the meaning of the term 'hormone' in Greek?
What is the meaning of the term 'hormone' in Greek?
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Which gland is mentioned as both an exocrine and endocrine gland?
Which gland is mentioned as both an exocrine and endocrine gland?
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What is the term for the action of a hormone on a target organ away from the secreting cell?
What is the term for the action of a hormone on a target organ away from the secreting cell?
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Which type of gland is stimulated by neural stimulation to secrete hormones?
Which type of gland is stimulated by neural stimulation to secrete hormones?
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What is the overall structure of endocrine glands?
What is the overall structure of endocrine glands?
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Which glands mentioned in the text do not have lumina in their functional units?
Which glands mentioned in the text do not have lumina in their functional units?
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What is the topic of the text?
What is the topic of the text?
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What is the email address of Catherine Chinyama mentioned in the text?
What is the email address of Catherine Chinyama mentioned in the text?
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When was the text published?
When was the text published?
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Which of the following is NOT a learning objective mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a learning objective mentioned in the text?
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What is the term for a tumor that causes pressure effect and can be associated with overproduction of hormones?
What is the term for a tumor that causes pressure effect and can be associated with overproduction of hormones?
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Which hormone from the posterior pituitary gland facilitates the absorption of water in the kidneys?
Which hormone from the posterior pituitary gland facilitates the absorption of water in the kidneys?
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Which type of thyroid carcinoma is associated with an increased risk of lymph node metastasis?
Which type of thyroid carcinoma is associated with an increased risk of lymph node metastasis?
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Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?
Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?
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What is the function of antidiabetic hormone (ADH) secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?
What is the function of antidiabetic hormone (ADH) secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?
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What is oxytocin's role in the body?
What is oxytocin's role in the body?
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How do we identify the specific hormones secreted by cells in the pituitary gland?
How do we identify the specific hormones secreted by cells in the pituitary gland?
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Which of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland?
Which of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland?
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What is the term for the action of a hormone on an adjacent cell?
What is the term for the action of a hormone on an adjacent cell?
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Which of the following glands mentioned in the text does NOT have a lumen in its functional unit?
Which of the following glands mentioned in the text does NOT have a lumen in its functional unit?
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Which hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland acts on the breast?
Which hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland acts on the breast?
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Which gland is referred to as the 'father' of the endocrine glands?
Which gland is referred to as the 'father' of the endocrine glands?
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What is the term for the condition characterized by the accumulation of soft tissue and inflammatory cells behind the eye, leading to proptosis?
What is the term for the condition characterized by the accumulation of soft tissue and inflammatory cells behind the eye, leading to proptosis?
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What is the term for the enlargement of the thyroid gland due to hyperplasia of thyroid cells?
What is the term for the enlargement of the thyroid gland due to hyperplasia of thyroid cells?
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Which hormone from the anterior pituitary gland stimulates bone growth?
Which hormone from the anterior pituitary gland stimulates bone growth?
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Which condition is characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy of thyroid cells?
Which condition is characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy of thyroid cells?
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What is the term for the benign tumor arising from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
What is the term for the benign tumor arising from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
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Which hormone deficiency leads to the enlargement of the thyroid gland in patients with goitre?
Which hormone deficiency leads to the enlargement of the thyroid gland in patients with goitre?
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What is the term for the softening of the trachea, which collapses and obstructs the airways in patients with goitre?
What is the term for the softening of the trachea, which collapses and obstructs the airways in patients with goitre?
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Which condition is characterized by the accumulation of soft tissue and inflammatory cells behind the eyes, leading to proptosis?
Which condition is characterized by the accumulation of soft tissue and inflammatory cells behind the eyes, leading to proptosis?
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What is the term for a benign tumor arising from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
What is the term for a benign tumor arising from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
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Which type of thyroid carcinoma has an increased risk of metastasis to bone, lung, and liver?
Which type of thyroid carcinoma has an increased risk of metastasis to bone, lung, and liver?
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What is the term for the softening of the trachea, which collapses and obstructs the airways?
What is the term for the softening of the trachea, which collapses and obstructs the airways?
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Which term is used to describe the thickening and integration of the anterior skin in infiltrated democracy?
Which term is used to describe the thickening and integration of the anterior skin in infiltrated democracy?
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What is the biochemical characteristic of patients with good law to search and how to three and two for due to the negative feedback?
What is the biochemical characteristic of patients with good law to search and how to three and two for due to the negative feedback?
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What is the appearance of the thyroid gland in patients with Grave's disease?
What is the appearance of the thyroid gland in patients with Grave's disease?
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What is the main reason why appropriate medication is used to suppress the production of excess to 24 in patients with thyroid gland abnormalities?
What is the main reason why appropriate medication is used to suppress the production of excess to 24 in patients with thyroid gland abnormalities?
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What is the characteristic feature of thyroid glands with excessive 24 production?
What is the characteristic feature of thyroid glands with excessive 24 production?
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What is the term used to describe the accumulation of soft tissue and inflammatory cells behind the eye in thyroid gland abnormalities?
What is the term used to describe the accumulation of soft tissue and inflammatory cells behind the eye in thyroid gland abnormalities?
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Study Notes
Pituitary Gland
- The pituitary gland is divided into adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis.
- Basophils in the anterior pituitary gland take up acidic dyes.
- Chromophobes and basophils in the pituitary gland secrete growth hormone.
- Growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland stimulates bone growth.
- Vasopressin (ADH) from the posterior pituitary gland facilitates the absorption of water in the kidneys.
Thyroid Gland
- Goitre is a condition characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy of thyroid cells.
- Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) synthesized by the thyroid gland regulate metabolism.
- A benign tumor arising from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is called a pituitary adenoma.
- A tumor that causes pressure effect and can be associated with overproduction of hormones is called a space-occupying lesion.
- Graves' disease is characterized by diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland due to hyperplasia of thyroid cells.
- Autoimmune thyroiditis is a condition where the immune system destroys its own thyroid tissue, leading to progressive depletion of thyroid cells and fibrosis.
- Papillary thyroid carcinoma is associated with an increased risk of lymph node metastasis.
- Follicular thyroid carcinoma has an increased risk of metastasis to bone, lung, and liver.
- Medullary thyroid carcinoma arises from C cells and is associated with multiple endocrine neoplasm (MEN 2) syndrome.
- Thyroid follicular adenoma is a benign tumor of the thyroid follicular cells.
- Tracheomalacia is the softening of the trachea, which collapses and obstructs the airways.
- Pretibial myxoedema is a condition characterized by the thickening and induration of the skin on the anterior shin.
- Exophthalmos is a condition characterized by the accumulation of soft tissue and inflammatory cells behind the eye, leading to proptosis.
General Endocrinology
- Hormone from Greek means "to stimulate" or "to excite".
- The pancreas is mentioned as both an exocrine and endocrine gland.
- The action of a hormone on a target organ away from the secreting cell is called endocrine action.
- Neural stimulation stimulates the secretion of hormones in certain glands.
- The overall structure of endocrine glands is compact, epithelial cells, and richly vascularized.
- The pituitary gland, thyroid gland, and adrenal glands mentioned in the text do not have lumina in their functional units.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the histology and pathology of the endocrine system with this quiz. Learn about the relationship between endocrine glands and target organs, the types of hormones secreted by major endocrine glands, and the histological features of these glands.
