Endocrine System Normal Histology

What is the most common developmental anomaly of the thyroid gland?

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

Where is a thyroglossal duct cyst typically located?

Midline, anterior of the neck

What is the embryonic tract characterized by the presence of epithelial lined remnants and heterotopic thyroid tissue?

Thyroglossal duct

What is the mean age of diagnosis for thyroglossal duct cyst?

30-40 years old Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic procedure can be used to detect thyroglossal duct remnants?

Scintigraphy Signup and view all the answers

What may stimulate the epithelial remnants of thyroglossal tract to undergo cystic changes?

Inflammation of lymphoid tissue adjacent to the TGD Signup and view all the answers

What is the route of microbial contamination that can lead to infection in a thyroglossal duct cyst?

Oral cavity via foramen cecum Signup and view all the answers

What type of cyst is indicated by the presence of a midline mass anterior to the neck?

Thyroglossal duct cyst Signup and view all the answers

What type of cyst is suggested when the cyst is located on the side of the neck?

Branchial cleft cyst Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelial cells are typically found in the thyroglossal duct cyst?

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar and non-keratinizing squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What can still be observed in a thyroglossal duct cyst in terms of normal thyroid histology?

Colloid lined by follicular cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells line the follicular cells in a thyroglossal duct cyst?

Non-keratinizing pseudostratified columnar cells Signup and view all the answers

What are the two bulky lateral lobes of the Thyroid Gland?

Right and left lateral lobes Signup and view all the answers

What is the remnant of the thyroglossal duct in the Thyroid Gland?

Pyramidal lobe Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the Adrenal Gland synthesizes mineralocorticoids?

Zona glomerulosa Signup and view all the answers

What are the two hormones synthesized by the thyroid gland that are found in the colloid?

Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Parafollicular cells in the Thyroid Gland?

Synthesizes Calcitonin Signup and view all the answers

Which zone in the Adrenal Gland is responsible for synthesizing glucocorticoids like cortisol?

Zona fasciculata Signup and view all the answers

What is the gender predilection of papillary thyroid carcinoma?

More common in females (M: F = 1:6) Signup and view all the answers

What are the cardinal features of the classic variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma?

True papillae with a central vascular core and nuclear features in the overlying epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

How is papillary thyroid carcinoma different from well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma?

Completely enveloped by a thin, fibrous capsule with no invasion yet Signup and view all the answers

What are the histologic appearances of papillary thyroid carcinoma?

Closely packed follicles, trabeculae, or solid sheets Signup and view all the answers

What are the nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma?

Nuclear enlargement, nuclear membrane irregularity, and a distinct chromatin pattern Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical presentation of papillary thyroid carcinoma?

Presents with a long-standing, solitary thyroid lobule Signup and view all the answers

What is the main location where pituitary adenomas occur?

Sella turcica within the adenohypophysis / anterior pituitary lobe Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical presentation associated with pituitary adenomas compressing the optic chiasma?

Bitemporal hemianopsia Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main cell lineages affected in pituitary adenomas?

Acidophilic, Gonadotropic, Corticotropic Signup and view all the answers

How is the cell differentiation in pituitary adenomas primarily driven?

Transcription factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where pituitary adenomas occur in the extrasellar region on the pituitary stalk?

Rare prolactinomas Signup and view all the answers

Endocrine System Normal Histology - Thyroid Gland

Questions and Answers