Pathoma thyroid gland Quiz

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What is the presentation of a persistent thyroglossal duct?

Leads to hyperthyroidism and increased metabolic rate

Causes weight gain and lethargy

Presents as an anterior neck mass (correct)

Presents as a base of tongue mass

Which of the following is a clinical feature of hyperthyroidism?

Hypercholesterolemia

Bradycardia and decreased cardiac output

Oligomenorrhea (correct)

Weight gain despite decreased appetite

What is the underlying mechanism of Graves' disease?

Autoantibody (IgG) that inhibits TSH receptor

Decreased expression of $\beta_1$-adrenergic receptors

Decreased synthesis and release of thyroid hormone

Autoantibody (IgG) that stimulates TSH receptor (type II hypersensitivity) (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a clinical feature of Graves' disease?

Hypothyroidism Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which increased thyroid hormone levels lead to increased basal metabolic rate?

Increased synthesis of $Na^+$-$K^+$ ATPase Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a clinical feature associated with increased sympathetic nervous system activity in hyperthyroidism?

Arrhythmia (e.g., atrial fibrillation) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of thyroid carcinoma?

Papillary carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of papillary carcinoma?

Comprised of papillae lined by cells with clear, orphan Annie eye nuclei and nuclear grooves Signup and view all the answers

How is follicular carcinoma distinguished from follicular adenoma?

By the presence of invasion through the fibrous capsule Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of metastasis for follicular carcinoma?

Hematogenous spread Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about medullary carcinoma is true?

It is a malignant proliferation of parafollicular C cells that secrete calcitonin Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of fine needle aspiration (FNA) in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions?

It cannot distinguish between follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

In Hashimoto's thyroiditis, what is the initial clinical presentation?

Hyperthyroidism due to follicle damage Signup and view all the answers

Which antibodies are often present in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, indicating thyroid damage?

Anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the histological finding in Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

Chronic inflammation with germinal centers and Hurthle cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the increased risk associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

B-cell (marginal zone) lymphoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical presentation of subacute granulomatous (de Quervain's) thyroiditis?

Transient hyperthyroidism with a tender thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Riedel's thyroiditis?

Chronic inflammation with extensive fibrosis of the thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers