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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is not an indicator for chronic lung congestion?
Which of the following is not an indicator for chronic lung congestion?
Choose the correct answer about the layered composition of a thrombus.
Choose the correct answer about the layered composition of a thrombus.
In a person with edema, which of the following is true?
In a person with edema, which of the following is true?
Which of the following is not predisposed to by a premature birth?
Which of the following is not predisposed to by a premature birth?
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Choose the correct answer.
Choose the correct answer.
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The pigment characteristic for previous exposure to stress is:
The pigment characteristic for previous exposure to stress is:
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Hemosiderin granules can be easily identified with histochemical staining using which of the following reactions?
Hemosiderin granules can be easily identified with histochemical staining using which of the following reactions?
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A cessation of hormonal stimulation leads to:
A cessation of hormonal stimulation leads to:
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The main condition to pronounce a lesion to be neoplastic (either benign or malignant) is:
The main condition to pronounce a lesion to be neoplastic (either benign or malignant) is:
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A sentinel lymph node:
A sentinel lymph node:
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What does ACPA stand for in terms of Rheumatoid Arthritis?
What does ACPA stand for in terms of Rheumatoid Arthritis?
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Beta2-microglobulin is:
Beta2-microglobulin is:
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Choose the correct answer about AIDS:
Choose the correct answer about AIDS:
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A 22-year-old man develops marked right lower quadrant abdominal pain over the past day. On physical examination, there is rebound tenderness on palpation over the right lower quadrant. Laparoscopic surgery is performed, and the appendix is swollen, erythematous, and partly covered by a yellowish exudate. It is removed, and a microscopic section shows infiltration with numerous neutrophils. The pain experienced by this patient is predominantly the result of which of the following two chemical mediators?
A 22-year-old man develops marked right lower quadrant abdominal pain over the past day. On physical examination, there is rebound tenderness on palpation over the right lower quadrant. Laparoscopic surgery is performed, and the appendix is swollen, erythematous, and partly covered by a yellowish exudate. It is removed, and a microscopic section shows infiltration with numerous neutrophils. The pain experienced by this patient is predominantly the result of which of the following two chemical mediators?
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A 94-year-old woman has developed a fever and cough over the past 2 days. Staphylococcus aureus is cultured from the sputum. She received a course of antibiotic therapy. Two weeks later, she no longer has a productive cough but she still... A chest radiograph reveals a 3 cm rounded density in the right lower lobe who... Liquefied contents form a central air-fluid level. There are no surrounding infections (...). Which of the following is the best description for this outcome of her pneumonia (...)?
A 94-year-old woman has developed a fever and cough over the past 2 days. Staphylococcus aureus is cultured from the sputum. She received a course of antibiotic therapy. Two weeks later, she no longer has a productive cough but she still... A chest radiograph reveals a 3 cm rounded density in the right lower lobe who... Liquefied contents form a central air-fluid level. There are no surrounding infections (...). Which of the following is the best description for this outcome of her pneumonia (...)?
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A 19-year-old woman who walks indoors spends her day outside gardening. Basically, she kind of got an allergy. Which of the following chemical changes most likely accounts for her red appearance?
A 19-year-old woman who walks indoors spends her day outside gardening. Basically, she kind of got an allergy. Which of the following chemical changes most likely accounts for her red appearance?
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A 43-year-old woman has had a chronic cough with fever and weight loss for the past month. A chest radiograph reveals multiple modules from 1 to 4 cm in size, some of which demonstrate cavitations in the upper lobes. A sputum sample reveals the presence of acid-fast bacilli. Which of the following cells is the most important in the development of her lung lesions?
A 43-year-old woman has had a chronic cough with fever and weight loss for the past month. A chest radiograph reveals multiple modules from 1 to 4 cm in size, some of which demonstrate cavitations in the upper lobes. A sputum sample reveals the presence of acid-fast bacilli. Which of the following cells is the most important in the development of her lung lesions?
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A 21-year-old sexually active man is notified by the health department that his last sexual contact 3 weeks prior has a positive serologic test for syphilis. He goes to see a physician that day. Which of the following findings in this man is most likely to be indicative of his acquisition of this infection?
A 21-year-old sexually active man is notified by the health department that his last sexual contact 3 weeks prior has a positive serologic test for syphilis. He goes to see a physician that day. Which of the following findings in this man is most likely to be indicative of his acquisition of this infection?
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What is a predictive biomarker for breast cancer patients?
What is a predictive biomarker for breast cancer patients?
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Select the correct answer regarding molecular biology techniques?
Select the correct answer regarding molecular biology techniques?
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Select the correct order of stages in a pathomorphology laboratory.
Select the correct order of stages in a pathomorphology laboratory.
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What is the first step in the chambers of tissue processing machines?
What is the first step in the chambers of tissue processing machines?
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What is the ideal cutting section thickness in histopathology?
What is the ideal cutting section thickness in histopathology?
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Venous thrombosis:
Venous thrombosis:
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The Nutmeg Liver:
The Nutmeg Liver:
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Pneumatosis intestinalis is a morphological feature of:
Pneumatosis intestinalis is a morphological feature of:
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The malignant pediatric neoplasm that may spontaneously regress is:
The malignant pediatric neoplasm that may spontaneously regress is:
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A Barrett metaplasia is:
A Barrett metaplasia is:
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The highest mortality among cancers is attributed to:
The highest mortality among cancers is attributed to:
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Which stain is most commonly used in cytology?
Which stain is most commonly used in cytology?
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What is considered as the best type of material for molecular biology staining?
What is considered as the best type of material for molecular biology staining?
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Classical prognostic factors in the case of many tumors are:
Classical prognostic factors in the case of many tumors are:
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Serum biomarker for pancreatic cancer is:
Serum biomarker for pancreatic cancer is:
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Choose a predictive biomarker for breast cancer patients:
Choose a predictive biomarker for breast cancer patients:
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Choose the correct statement about nephroblastoma:
Choose the correct statement about nephroblastoma:
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Choose the correct statement:
Choose the correct statement:
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In the proliferative phase of hyaline membrane disease of newborn:
In the proliferative phase of hyaline membrane disease of newborn:
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Flashcards
Chronic lung congestion indicator
Chronic lung congestion indicator
C. Inflammatory infiltrates of neutrophils
Thrombus composition
Thrombus composition
E. the lines are called Zahn's
Causes of edema
Causes of edema
E. all answers are correct
Premature birth complications
Premature birth complications
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Necrosis types related to RDS & NEC
Necrosis types related to RDS & NEC
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Stress pigment
Stress pigment
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Hemosiderin staining
Hemosiderin staining
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Hormonal stimulation and apoptosis
Hormonal stimulation and apoptosis
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Neoplastic lesion condition
Neoplastic lesion condition
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Sentinel lymph node definition
Sentinel lymph node definition
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ACPA in Rheumatoid Arthritis
ACPA in Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Beta2-microglobulin role
Beta2-microglobulin role
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AIDS definition
AIDS definition
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Appendicitis chemical mediators
Appendicitis chemical mediators
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Pneumonia outcome description
Pneumonia outcome description
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Chemical change from gardening allergy
Chemical change from gardening allergy
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Cell important in lung lesions development
Cell important in lung lesions development
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Syphilis indicative finding
Syphilis indicative finding
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Breast cancer predictive biomarker
Breast cancer predictive biomarker
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Molecular biology techniques
Molecular biology techniques
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Pathomorphology laboratory stages
Pathomorphology laboratory stages
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Tissue processing machines' first step
Tissue processing machines' first step
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Ideal tissue cutting thickness
Ideal tissue cutting thickness
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Venous thrombosis impact
Venous thrombosis impact
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Nutmeg liver condition
Nutmeg liver condition
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Pneumatosis intestinalis association
Pneumatosis intestinalis association
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Neoplastic regression in pediatrics
Neoplastic regression in pediatrics
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Barrett metaplasia definition
Barrett metaplasia definition
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Highest cancer mortality
Highest cancer mortality
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Cytology stain usage
Cytology stain usage
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Best material for molecular staining
Best material for molecular staining
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Key tumor prognostic factors
Key tumor prognostic factors
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Pancreatic cancer serum biomarker
Pancreatic cancer serum biomarker
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Predictive biomarkers for breast cancer
Predictive biomarkers for breast cancer
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Nephroblast characteristics
Nephroblast characteristics
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HE staining eosinophilic feature
HE staining eosinophilic feature
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Proliferative phase in HMD
Proliferative phase in HMD
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Study Notes
Chronic Lung Congestion Indicators
- Alveolar septal fibrosis is an indicator.
- Increased lung weight is an indicator.
- Inflammatory infiltrates of neutrophils are not an indicator.
- Hemosiderin-laden macrophages in alveoli are an indicator.
- Brownish color of the lung parenchyma is an indicator.
Thrombus Layered Composition
- Thrombi have lines called Zahn's lines.
Edema Causes
- Primary heart disease, kidney disease, or liver disease can contribute to edema.
Premature Birth Predispositions
- Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a predisposition.
- Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a predisposition.
- Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a predisposition.
- Hemangiomas are not a predisposition.
- Death within the first year of life is a predisposition.
Necrosis in Conditions
- Necrosis of alveolar epithelium may be a factor in RDS.
- Liquefactive necrosis of colon mucosa may occur in NEC.
- Ischemic necrosis of cardiomyocytes may cause hydrops universalis.
- Necrosis of brain basal ganglia may cause kernicterus.
Stress-Related Pigments
- Lipofuscin is a pigment associated with stress.
Hemosiderin Granule Staining
- Pearl's reaction (Prussian blue) is a useful stain for hemosiderin granules.
Hormonal Cessation Effects
- Cessation of hormonal stimulation leads to an increase in Bax and Bak.
Neoplastic Lesion Criteria
- Poor differentiation is a key criterion for identifying a neoplastic lesion.
Sentinel Lymph Node Function
- A sentinel lymph node is the first node(s) to receive lymph from the tumor area.
ACPA in Rheumatoid Arthritis
- ACPA stands for anti-citrullinated protein antibodies.
Beta2-Microglobulin and Amyloidosis
- Beta2-microglobulin is a chemically related precursor protein in hemodialysis-associated amyloidosis.
AIDS Stages
- AIDS is the crisis phase of HIV infection.
Appendicitis Pain Mediators
- Prostaglandins and bradykinin are key chemical mediators in appendicitis pain.
Pneumonia Outcome
- Abscess formation can result from pneumonia.
Allergic Reaction Appearance
- Vasodilation is the primary factor in the reddened appearance.
Lung Lesions in Tuberculosis
- Macrophages are the most crucial cells in the development of lung lesions due to tuberculosis.
Syphilis Diagnosis
- A positive VDRL in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) strongly suggests neurosyphilis.
Breast Cancer Predictive Biomarker
- BRCA1 and BRCA2 are predictive biomarkers for breast cancer.
Molecular Biology Techniques
- Molecular biology techniques study nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
- They can be qualitative or quantitative.
- Techniques include PCR and FISH.
Tissue Processing Steps
- Tissue processing begins with transport and admission of specimens.
- Collecting representative pieces from specimens is the next step.
- Tissue processing, embedding, sectioning, staining, and microscopic evaluation follow.
Tissue Processing Machine Steps
- Dehydration is the initial step in tissue processing machines.
Histopathology Section Thickness
- The ideal histopathology section thickness is 4-6 μm.
Venous Thrombosis
- Venous thrombosis frequently affects deep veins of lower limbs.
- It causes local blood flow obstruction.
Nutmeg Liver
- A nutmeg liver is a hallmark of chronic liver congestion.
- It's grossly a double-colored liver (yellow-red).
Pneumatosis Intestinalis and NEC
- Pneumatosis intestinalis is a characteristic of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).
Pediatric Malignant Neoplasm Regression
- Neuroblastoma is a pediatric malignant neoplasm that can spontaneously regress (may disappear).
Barrett's Metaplasia
- Barrett's metaplasia involves glandular metaplasia of esophageal squamous epithelium.
Highest Cancer Mortality
- Female lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among cancers.
Cytology Staining
- Papanicolaou stain is the most common stain used in cytology.
Molecular Biology Staining Materials
- Fresh or frozen tissues are the best materials for molecular biology staining.
Prognostic Factors in Tumors
- Tumor grade, tumor stage, status of surgical margins, and lymphovascular space invasion are all prognostic tumor factors.
Pancreatic Cancer Biomarker
- CA19.9 is a serum biomarker for pancreatic cancer.
Breast Cancer Predictive Biomarker
- BRCA1/2 are predictive biomarkers for breast cancer.
Nephroblastoma Characteristics
- Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) is a common pediatric tumor.
- It typically shows a triphasic morphology (epithelial, stromal, and blastemal components).
Histological Appearance in NEC
- Eosinophilic tissues are common in the mucosa of the small intestine in NEC.
Hyaline Membrane Disease Stages
- Proliferation/hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes is the hallmark of the proliferative phase of hyaline membrane disease.
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Description
Test your knowledge on chronic lung congestion indicators, thrombus composition, edema causes, and premature birth predispositions. This quiz covers critical concepts in pathology, from necrosis to conditions affecting newborns.
