COPY: Week 10 - Neoplasia
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COPY: Week 10 - Neoplasia

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of benign tumors?

  • They are localized and amenable to surgical removal. (correct)
  • They metastasize to distant sites.
  • They cause death in most patients.
  • They invade surrounding tissues aggressively.

    • Which suffix is commonly used to name benign tumors?

  • -carcinoma
  • -itis
  • -oma (correct)
  • -sarcoma

    • What does the term neoplasm refer to?

  • A localized tumor that can be removed surgically.
  • An abnormal mass of tissue with uncontrolled growth. (correct)
  • A type of malignant tumor.
  • Any swelling in the body.

    • What is a defining feature of malignant tumors?

    <p>They invade nearby tissues and can metastasize.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the focus of oncology?

    <p>The study and treatment of tumors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can malignant tumors ultimately arise?

    <p>From inherited or spontaneous genetic alterations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sarcomas originates from connective tissues?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe tumors originating from blood-forming cells?

    <p>Leukemias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic does NOT differentiate benign tumors from malignant tumors?

    <p>Nutritional deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is associated with an increased risk of developing skin cancer?

    <p>Sun exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cancer is Burkitt's lymphoma associated with?

    <p>EBV infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is more likely to develop acute leukemias?

    <p>Young children (under age 5)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is least likely to appear in children aged 5-9?

    <p>Thyroid carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cancer associated with chronic liver conditions?

    <p>Hepatocellular carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which precancerous condition is associated with the development of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus?

    <p>Barrett's esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cancer type is most commonly seen in young adults?

    <p>Acute myeloid leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is commonly linked to dysplasia of epithelial tissues?

    <p>Carcinomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is classified as an autosomal recessive syndrome that leads to defective DNA repair?

    <p>Pre-neoplastic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cancer is most frequently diagnosed in older adults?

    <p>Chronic lymphocytic leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct suffix to add to a cell type to form a malignant tumor of mesodermal origin?

    <p>-sarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tumors are leukemia and lymphoma?

    <p>Free, non-aggregated tumors of hematopoietic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical cell type found in Hodgkin's lymphoma?

    <p>Reed-Sternberg cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of Burkitt's lymphoma?

    <p>Found in the bones of the jaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of Ewing's sarcoma?

    <p>Neural crest cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tumor is a Brenner tumor?

    <p>A tumor of the stroma of the ovary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of tumors of primordial cells?

    <p>They are derived from mature, differentiated cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tumor is characterized by the presence of mature tissue from all germ layers?

    <p>Teratoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is TRUE about tumors of differentiated cells?

    <p>They account for a significant majority of cancer-related deaths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding the stroma of a tumor?

    <p>It provides structural support for the tumor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential marker produced by tumors derived from totipotential cells?

    <p>Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tumor is a papilloma classified as?

    <p>A benign tumor of epithelial origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tumor is associated with a concomitant infection with HHV-8?

    <p>Kaposi's sarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor is characterized by its origin in embryology and is typically found in young children?

    <p>Wilm's tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor is specifically linked to cigarette smoking and other carcinogens?

    <p>Grawitz's tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor affects the stroma of the thyroid gland?

    <p>Hürthle cell tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor represents a secondary carcinoma of the ovary originating from a primary gastric carcinoma?

    <p>Krukenberg's tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tumors is NOT a primary tumor of the organ it affects?

    <p>Krukenberg's tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between Grawitz's tumor and Wilm's tumor?

    <p>The age group they typically affect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor exhibits adenocarcinoma cells with a characteristic appearance similar to gastric carcinoma?

    <p>Krukenberg's tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'anaplastic' describe in tumor grading?

    <p>Cells that have lost their normal structure and function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the necrotic center in rapidly growing malignant tumors?

    <p>The tumor's rapid growth outpaces the development of adequate blood supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of 'local invasion' in the context of tumor spread?

    <p>Tumor cells directly infiltrating and destroying surrounding tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the TNM classification system categorize tumors based on 'T'?

    <p>The size and local extent of the primary tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of angiogenesis factors in tumor growth?

    <p>Stimulating the production of new blood vessels to provide nourishment to the tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the concept of 'clonal expansion' in tumor development?

    <p>The process of a single cell undergoing multiple rounds of division, forming a population of identical cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the M designation represent in tumor staging?

    <p>The presence of metastases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which staging stage is characterized by carcinoma in situ?

    <p>Stage 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does N1 indicate in lymph node staging?

    <p>Metastasis present in a small number of regional lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of spread is mainly associated with sarcomas?

    <p>Hematogenous spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of cancer typically involves aggressive treatment such as chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery?

    <p>Stage II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In tumor staging, what does T0 signify?

    <p>No evidence of cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What size range defines a T1b tumor?

    <p>Larger than 5 mm but 10 mm or smaller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification indicates a tumor that has invaded the chest wall?

    <p>T4a</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the classification N0 represent in lymph node involvement?

    <p>No cancer or smaller than 0.2 mm in the lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum size for a T1c tumor?

    <p>20 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would a tumor be classified as T3?

    <p>Larger than 50 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the classification N2 indicate regarding lymph node spread?

    <p>Spread to 4 to 9 axillary lymph nodes or internal mammary lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification represents inflammatory breast cancer?

    <p>T4d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a tumor is classified as T2, what can be inferred about its size?

    <p>It is larger than 20 mm but not larger than 50 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma?

    <p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical manifestation of neoplasia?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following paraneoplastic syndromes is associated with small cell carcinoma of the lungs?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a local manifestation of neoplasia?

    <p>Mass effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma?

    <p>HHV-8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of chemical carcinogen that directly damages DNA?

    <p>Alkylating and acylating agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is associated with exposure to cigarette smoke?

    <p>Lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a known human carcinogen?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which carcinogens lead to cancer?

    <p>Promoting cell growth and division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of exposure to alkylating and acylating agents?

    <p>Leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cancer is associated with aflatoxins?

    <p>Hepatocellular carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a viral carcinogen associated with a human malignancy?

    <p>HTLV-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key effect of UV radiation exposure?

    <p>Development of skin cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with nuclear fallout?

    <p>Liver cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physical carcinogen is associated with skin cancer in individuals exposed to it?

    <p>X-ray radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cancer is associated with hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy?

    <p>Lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical sign of advanced malignancy that is specifically associated with carcinoma of the pancreas?

    <p>Venous thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which cerebral and cerebellar degeneration occurs in certain types of cancer?

    <p>Autoantibodies against tumor proteins cross-reacting with neural proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with an increased risk of developing cancer?

    <p>Clubbing of the fingers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by cytotoxic T cells targeting an unknown autoantigen?

    <p>Dermatomyositis/polymyositis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    HPV (Human papilloma), EBV (Epstein-Barr), and HBV (Hepatitis B) are classified as which kind of viral carcinogen?

    <p>Oncogenic DNA viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

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