Pathogens and Immune Responses Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What type of immunity is characterized by the production of antibodies by plasma cells?

Cell-mediated immunity

Neural immunity

Humoral immunity (correct)

Innate immunity

What happens during an inflammatory response?

Antibodies are produced by B lymphocytes

Mast cells release insulin and glucagon

Mast cells release granules containing histamine and heparin (correct)

Natural killer cells engage directly with pathogens

Which cells are primarily responsible for cell-mediated immunity?

T lymphocytes (correct)

B lymphocytes

Macrophages

Plasma cells

Which type of cells directly engage in immunological surveillance?

Natural killer cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of white blood cell is likely elevated in a patient with elevated eosinophils and monocytes?

Eosinophils Signup and view all the answers

How is active immunization achieved?

By using live pathogens to stimulate an immune response Signup and view all the answers

What determines the specificity of an antibody?

The variable region Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely outcome in a patient with a chronic bacterial infection based on their leukocyte differential count?

Elevated neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

In what location are stem cells that will form B lymphocytes primarily found?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding blood type A?

Has A antigens on the cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified as a pathogen?

Athlete’s foot fungus Signup and view all the answers

What type of immune response is characterized by an overreaction to a harmless substance?

Allergic reaction Signup and view all the answers

What role do antibiotics play in medical treatment?

Destroy or inhibit bacterial growth Signup and view all the answers

What term describes cells that are recognized for their ability to reproduce only inside host cells?

Viruses Signup and view all the answers

Which lymphoid tissue is the largest in the body?

Spleen Signup and view all the answers

What term is used for molecules that attract immune cells to infection sites?

Chemotaxins Signup and view all the answers

Which cell is considered an antigen-presenting cell (APC)?

Neutrophil Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are lymphocytes primarily associated with?

Acquired immune response Signup and view all the answers

What structure contains clusters of lymphatic nodules located in the small intestine?

Peyer’s patches Signup and view all the answers

What are eosinophils primarily known for in the immune response?

Being precursors to macrophages Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pathogens

Pathogens include bacteria (e.g., meningococcus), fungi (e.g., athlete's foot), viruses (e.g., chicken pox), and parasites (e.g., hookworm).

Immune System Responses

Autoimmune Diseases: Incorrect immune system response targeting the body's own tissues.
Allergic Reactions: Overblown immune response to a harmless substance.
Antibiotics: Drugs that destroy or inhibit bacterial growth.
Viruses: Parasitic, reproducing inside host cells.

Lymphoid Tissues

Lymphoid tissues: Spleen, bone marrow, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils, gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).
Largest lymphoid tissue: Spleen.
Diffuse lymphoid tissues: Tonsils, GALT.
Lymph node swelling/soreness: Sign of immune cells fighting infection.
Peyer's patches: Lymphatic nodules in the small intestine.
Eosinophils & Macrophages: While eosinophils aren't precursors, they may be involved in certain immune responses alongside macrophages

Immune Cells and Components

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs): Neutrophils and dendritic cells. (Dendritic cells are also known as Langerhans cells)
Leukocytes: Recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
Chemotaxins: Molecules attracting immune cells.
Lymphocytes & Plasma Cells: Mediate acquired immunity, found primarily in lymphoid tissues
Humoral, Adaptive & Cell-mediated immunity: Characteristics of acquired immunity
Cytokines: Cell messengers for growth and activity.
Pyrogens: Substances inducing fever.
Acute phase proteins: Produced by the liver.
Plasma cells: Produce circulating antibodies.
Passive immunity: A type of acquired immunity.
T lymphocytes: Responsible for cell-mediated immunity.
B lymphocytes Stem cells found in bone marrow
Natural Killer (NK) cells: First line of cellular defense
Mast cells: Release histamine and heparin, triggering inflammation.
Skin: Earliest defense against pathogens.
Cytotoxic T cells: Attack foreign or infected cells.
Helper T cells: Regulate the immune response.
NK Cells: Active in immunological surveillance.
Thymus: Where T lymphocytes are modified
Antibody Specificity: Determined by the variable region.
Antigen Recognition: Lymphocyte response requires antigen binding to specific receptors.
Blood Type: Determined by glycoprotein molecules on cell membranes.
Blood Type A: Possesses B antibodies in plasma.
Allergies: Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens.

White Blood Cell Counts and Infections

Chronic Parasitic Infection: Elevated eosinophils and monocytes, normal neutrophils, basophils, and lymphocytes.
Chronic Bacterial Infection: Elevated neutrophils and monocytes, normal basophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes.
Hay Fever: Elevated monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.
Inflammation: High basophils.
Abscessed Tooth: Elevated neutrophils.
Blood Type Determination: Agglutination with anti-A serum (but not anti-B) indicates type A blood with B antibodies in plasma.

Types of Immunization

Active Immunization: Injecting a viral antigen to stimulate antibody production.
Passive Immunization: Injecting antibodies from another source (for instance, a rabbit) to combat an illness

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Description

Test your knowledge on pathogens, immune system responses, and lymphoid tissues with this comprehensive quiz. Learn about different types of pathogens, the function of various immune responses, and the roles of lymphoid tissues in fighting infections.