Pathogens and Cell Injury

Infectious ______ injure cells by producing toxins.

Fatty change occurs in organs where ______ are actively involved in metabolism.

Infectious ______ disrupt metabolic pathways and damage infected cells.

Rapid accumulation of ______ occurs in the course of an infection.

[Blank] change leads to the formation of lipid vacuoles.

Infectious pathogens injure cells by producing ______.

Eosinophilic ______.

Infectious pathogens injure cells, leading to ______ of metabolic pathways.

Hypoxia refers to ______ oxygen supply.

Ischemia refers to ______ blood flow.

Blockage of ______ or loss of blood causes hypoxia and ischemia.

Cell injury can be classified into ______ and irreversible injury.

During reversible injury, the cell may recover through ______.

Swelling of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria is a characteristic of ______ cell injury.

Breakdown of plasma membrane, organelles, and nucleus leads to ______.

Inflammation occurs in response to ______ cells.

Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells occurs through ______.

Necrosis is a type of ______ cell death.

The sequence of events in cell injury that culminate in ______ or apoptosis is illustrated in the figure.

Myelin figures are collections of ______ in concentric layers released from damaged plasma membranes.

In cells undergoing necrosis, mitochondria often contain ______ densities visible by electron microscopy.

The structure and function of the ______ membrane are altered in cell injury.

The mitochondria may swell and ______ may occur in cell injury.

The ______ may become deformed, with detachment of ribosomes and dissociation of polysomes in cell injury.

Nuclear ______ may clump in cell injury.

Cell injury can lead to ______ of cell death.

I[necrosis] also occurs as a pathological event even when cells are damaged, especially when the damage affects the ______'s DNA or proteins.

Physiological ______ is a process of programmed cell death that occurs during development or as a homeostatic mechanism to eliminate unwanted cells.

Death of cells during development of ______ such as cells of primordial tissues is replaced by mature tissues.

Death of ______ cells (neurocytes and myocytes) after injury and immune responses have eliminated the damaged cells.

Elimination of ______ dysfunctional or autoreactive immune cells or their precursors, particularly in the bone marrow and the thymus.

Liquefactive ______ is a type of necrosis that results in the dissolution of tissue.

The process of ______ is a mechanism to eliminate damaged cells and prevent their potential harm to the organism.

[Blank] is a process of cell death that occurs due to irreversible damage to the cell's DNA or proteins.

The breakdown of ______ produces numerous other molecules and toxic products.

These molecules are normally contained within ______ cells and whose release results in cell destruction.

The release of activated ______ enzymes into the bloodstream leads to severe cell injury.

These molecules are recognized by the ______ of the pancreas and the peritoneal cavity.

Receptors expressed by ______ and other cell types are involved in this process.

This occurs in ______ pancreatitis (Chapter 13).

The necrosis of ______ tissues leads to cell destruction and tissue damage.

These enzymes are released from the ______ and into the bloodstream, leading to tissue damage.