Cell Injury, Death and Adaptation

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It talks about signs and symptoms of a disease

Clinical Manifestations

Study of the cause of disease

Etiology

The Study of Disease

Pathology

structural and functional units of tissues and organs

Cells Signup and view all the answers

The 3 Cell Proliferation

Labile, Stable, Permanent Signup and view all the answers

it results in a new steady state and preserving viability

Adaptation Signup and view all the answers

The capability of cells in adjusting their structures and functions in response to various psychological and pathological conditions.

Cellular Adaptation Signup and view all the answers

Cell Proliferation that is continuously dividing

Labile Cells Signup and view all the answers

Cell Proliferation that is nondividing

Permanent Cells Signup and view all the answers

occurs due to normal stressor/stimmuli and results to enhanced function.

Physiologic Signup and view all the answers

positively counteract reduction in function

Compensatory Signup and view all the answers

Cell Proliferation that is quiescent.

Stable Cells Signup and view all the answers

occurs due to an abnormal stressor/stimuli and results in dysfunction and mortality

Pathologic Signup and view all the answers

Increased in number of cells in an organ or tissue and may sometime co-exist with hypertrophy.

Hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

Increased in the size of cells which results in enlargement of the organs.

Hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

Shrinkage in the size of the cell by loss of substance.

Atrophy Signup and view all the answers

A reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type.

Metaplasia Signup and view all the answers

3 types of Metaplasia

Squamous Osseous Myeloid Signup and view all the answers

Atypical Proliferative changes due to chronic irritation or inflammation

Dysplasia Signup and view all the answers

considered less serious, do not spread, and not life-threatening

Benign Signup and view all the answers

It means “new growth” and a tumor.

Neoplasia Signup and view all the answers

Cells are undifferentiated with variable nuclear and cell structure and numerous mitotic figures

Anaplasia Signup and view all the answers

Incomplete development of an organ so that it fails to reach adult size

Hypoplasia Signup and view all the answers

Cell adaptation that are reversible changes.

Atrophy Hypertrophy Hyperplasia Metaplasia Signup and view all the answers

This means cancerous

Malignant Signup and view all the answers

Failure of cell production

Aplasia Signup and view all the answers

denotes pathologic changes that can be reversed when the stimulus is removed, or if the cause of injury is mild

Reversible cell injury Signup and view all the answers

denotes pathologic changes that are permanent and cause cell death

Irreversible injury Signup and view all the answers

Oxygen deprivation

Hypoxic Cell Injury Signup and view all the answers

Causes of Cell Injury

Hypoxic Cell Injury Free Radical Injury Physical Agent Chemical Agent Infectious Agent Immune System Genetic Imbalance Nutritional Imbalance Aging Signup and view all the answers

vital process that helps eliminate unwanted cells

Apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

cardiorespiratory failure

Inadequate oxygenation Signup and view all the answers

changes produced by enzymatic digestion of dead cellular elements

Necrosis Signup and view all the answers

this is when dead cells undergo disintegration and affected tissue is liquified

Liquefactive necrosis Signup and view all the answers

Necrosis of fat by pancreatic enzymes

Enzymatic fat necrosis Signup and view all the answers

loss of blood supply

Ischemia Signup and view all the answers

internally programmed series of events

Unwanted cells Signup and view all the answers

Morphologic expression of cell death

Necrosis Signup and view all the answers

typically seen in hypoxic environment

Coagulative necrosis Signup and view all the answers

direct effects of bacterial toxins; cytopathic effects of viruses.

Infectious Agents Signup and view all the answers

specific form of coagulation necrosis typically caused by mycobacteria

Caseous necrosis Signup and view all the answers

usually with superimposed infection

Gangrenous necrosis Signup and view all the answers

Causes of Apoptosis

Physiologic Pathologic Signup and view all the answers

2 ways on how death of cells occurs

Necrosis Apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

traumatic fat necrosis

Fat Necrosis Signup and view all the answers

restricted to necrosis involving spirochaetal infections

Gummatous necrosis Signup and view all the answers

caused by immune mediated vascular damage

Fibrinoid necrosis Signup and view all the answers

how many cells are produced every second by mitosis and a similar number die by apoptosis in the human body

100,000 Signup and view all the answers

Embryogenesis and fetal development; Elimination of self reactive lymphocytes

Physiologic Apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

it is due to blockage of the venous drainage of an organ or tissue

Haemorrhagic necrosis Signup and view all the answers

Neutralization of Free Radicals

Spontaneous Delay Superoxide dismutase Glutathione Catalase Endogenous and Exogenous antioxidants Signup and view all the answers

“per”

throughout Signup and view all the answers

DNA damage due to radiation and chemotherapy

Pathologic Apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

“neo”

new Signup and view all the answers

“multi”

many Signup and view all the answers

“inter”

between Signup and view all the answers

“intra”

within Signup and view all the answers

“micro”

small Signup and view all the answers

“hyper”

above Signup and view all the answers

“hypo”

below Signup and view all the answers

“epi”

covering Signup and view all the answers

“andr”

male Signup and view all the answers

“bio”

life Signup and view all the answers

“an”

without Signup and view all the answers

“cyst”

bladder Signup and view all the answers

“-ectas”

extension Signup and view all the answers

“auto”

self Signup and view all the answers

“-cele”

swelling Signup and view all the answers

“-scopy”

visual examination Signup and view all the answers

“-pexy”

surgical fixation Signup and view all the answers

“-plasty”

surgical repair Signup and view all the answers