Cell Injury, Necrosis, and Apoptosis Quiz

Cell Injury Types and Recovery

• Reversible cell injury: Occurs when cells can recover and reestablish health upon removal of the stressor.
• Irreversible cell injury: Results in permanent damage; cells cannot regain function after the removal of physiological stress and pathological stimuli.

Causes of Cell Injury

• Common causes of cell injury: Include reduced oxygen supply, immune reactions, infections, and toxicity.
• Not a cause of cell injury: Undefined in the provided questions; requires clarification.
• Reduction of oxygen supply: Major factor leading to cellular injury is hypoxia, which severely limits aerobic metabolism.
• Infectious agents: Various forms, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, can induce cell injury through pathogen-induced damage.

Immune Reaction Mechanisms

• Immune-mediated cell injury: Involves antibodies or T-cells targeting exogenous (non-self) antigens, primarily seen in autoimmune diseases or reactions.
• Type of immune reaction: Can cause injury through mechanisms like hypersensitivity or allergic reactions.

Cellular Accumulation

• Normal cellular constituents: Examples include lipids or proteins that can accumulate in excess due to metabolic issues or pathological conditions.
• Primary causes of accumulation: Abnormal exogenous substances often result from environmental toxins or infectious agents, affecting cellular functions.
• Common accumulation sites: Substances frequently accumulate within the cytoplasm or organelles of the cell.

Metabolic Implications

• Normal endogenous substance accumulation: Happens when metabolic processes are inadequate to eliminate substances, leading to conditions like fatty liver disease.
• Abnormal substance production: Cells may generate excess normal substances due to metabolic disorders, contributing to pathological states.