Pathogenic Intestinal Protozoa Classification

Pathogenic intestinal Protozoa include Entamoeba histolytica and Blantidium __________

Protozoa are microscopic, one-celled organisms, free-living or __________ in nature

Classification based on movement includes Sarcodina, Ciliophora, Mastigophora, and __________

According to the main site of infection, intestinal protozoan examples include ameba, giardia, and __________

Entamoeba histolytica is a common parasite in the large intestine and certain other primates, and some other __________

Ameba species include Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba hartmanni, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba polecki, and Endolimax __________

In the small intestine, the cyst wall is lysed by ______

Each nucleus divides by binary fission giving rise to ______ nuclei

During growth, E. histolytica secretes a proteolytic enzyme of the nature of ______ which brings about destruction and necrosis of tissue

At a certain stage, a large number of trophozoites are excreted along with blood and mucus in the stool leading to ______ dysentery

Trophozoites invade the mucosa and ultimately lodge in the submucous tissue of the ______ intestine

In a few cases, erosion of the large intestine may be so extensive that trophozoites gain entrance into the radicles of portal vein and are carried away to the liver where they multiply leading to amoebic ______

E.histolytica derives its name from its ability to lyse virtually every ______ in the human body

The ameboid trophozoite is the only form that presents in ______ (causing disease)

The size of the ameboid trophozoite is 15–30 µm, and its cytoplasm has two zones: a hyaline or clear outer margin ectoplasm and a granular inner region ______

Trophozoites are motile with active, unidirectional and purposeful ______

The presence of ingested erythrocytes is the characteristic feature of ______

The cyst of E.histolytica is smaller in size than trophozoite, subspherical, varying from 10–20 μm in ______

Balantidium coli is the largest ______

Balantidium coli is transmitted through fecal-oral route by contaminated ______ and water

Balantidium coli attacks the intestinal epithelium, creating ulcers and causing bloody diarrhea similar to ______ dysentery

The greenish-yellow trophozoites of Balantidium coli may measure up to 120 × 150 µm in ______

Balantidium coli commonly infects primates, rats, and ______, and has a world-wide distribution

Balantidium coli infection is mostly asymptomatic, but people with other serious illnesses can experience persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, and sometimes a perforated ______

In less than 15% cases of amoebic hepatitis, cysts of E.histolytica can be demonstrated in the stool. This indicates persistence of intestinal infection. Serological tests are used for __________ diagnosis.

Very effective drug for the therapy of amoebiasis is metronidazole or its analogs tinidazole and /or nidazole. To target trophozoites residing within the gut lumen, a luminal agent like non-absorbed aminoglycoside paromomycin is used along with metronidazole due to its poor efficacy against __________.

Control measures for amoebiasis include improving environmental and food sanitation. Additionally, treatment of carriers is controversial, but it is agreed that they should be barred from __________ handling.

No fully satisfactory and safe drug is yet available for chemoprophylaxis against amoebiasis. The mix of drugs required for therapy highlights the challenges in treating this __________.

Protozoa are microscopic, one-celled organisms, free-living or __________ in nature.