Pathogenesis of E. coli Infections

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What is the mechanism used by EPEC to attach to intestinal epithelial cells?

Bundle-forming pili (BFP)

What is the outcome of EPEC's injection of effector proteins into intestinal epithelial cells?

Pedestal formation and microvilli effacement, impairing absorption

What type of fimbriae does UPEC use to adhere to uroepithelial cells?

Type 1 fimbriae and P fimbriae

What is the result of UPEC's toxin production in the urinary tract?

Lysis of urinary tract cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the more severe complication that can arise from UPEC's ascending infection?

Pyelonephritis Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of intestinal injury caused by Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)?

Toxins cause damage to the intestinal epithelium and blood vessels, resulting in inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) infection?

Watery diarrhea without damaging the intestinal wall. Signup and view all the answers

How does Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) cause disease?

EIEC attaches to and invades intestinal epithelial cells, causing cell destruction and a strong inflammatory response. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Shiga-like toxins on the kidneys in Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)?

Toxins bind to endothelial cells in the glomeruli, causing apoptosis and gaps in the capillary walls, leading to proteinuria. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of platelet activation in Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)?

Clot formation and thrombocytopenia (decreased platelet count). Signup and view all the answers

How do Shiga-like toxins cause hemolytic anemia in Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)?

Red blood cells are fragmented (schistocytes) as they pass through obstructed microvessels. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of clot formation in the arterioles in Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)?

Clots obstruct arterioles, leading to kidney ischemia, reduced filtration, and uremia. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) in Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)?

LT activates adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP, leading to chloride and water secretion. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary age group affected by EPEC?

Children under two years of age Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of UPEC's colonization of the periurethral area?

Ascending infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of type 1 fimbriae in UPEC infection?

To adhere to uroepithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of EPEC's injection of effector proteins?

Pedestal formation and microvilli effacement Signup and view all the answers

What is the complication that can arise from UPEC's ascending infection?

Pyelonephritis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of intestinal injury caused by Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)?

Inflammation and vessel damage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) infection?

Watery diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of Shiga-like toxin binding to endothelial cells in the glomeruli during Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)?

Apoptosis and gaps in the capillary walls Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of disease caused by Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)?

Invasion and multiplication within intestinal epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of clot formation in the arterioles during Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)?

Ischemic kidney damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of intestinal attachment used by Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)?

Fimbriae Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of thrombocytopenia in Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)?

Decreased platelet count Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of disease caused by Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)?

Production of heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins Signup and view all the answers

Match the following E. coli strains with their primary site of infection:

EPEC = Intestine UPEC = Urinary tract ETEC = Intestine EIEC = Intestine Signup and view all the answers

Match the following E. coli strains with their primary mode of attachment:

UPEC = Type 1 fimbriae and P fimbriae ETEC = fimbriae EIEC = Invasion of intestinal epithelial cells EPEC = Bundle-forming pili (BFP) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following E. coli strains with their primary toxin production:

EPEC = Effector proteins UPEC = Alpha and beta hemolysins ETEC = Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) EIEC = None Signup and view all the answers

Match the following E. coli strains with their primary disease manifestations:

EPEC = Watery diarrhea UPEC = Cystitis and pyelonephritis ETEC = Traveler's diarrhea EIEC = Invasive diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

Match the following E. coli strains with their primary age group affected:

EPEC = Children under 2 years old UPEC = Adults ETEC = Travelers EIEC = Adults Signup and view all the answers

Match the following E. coli pathotypes with their primary mechanism of intestinal attachment:

STEC = Fimbriae ETEC = Fimbriae EIEC = Invasion of epithelial cells EPEC = Type III secretion system Signup and view all the answers

Match the following E. coli pathotypes with their primary toxin:

STEC = Shiga-like toxins (Stx1 and Stx2) ETEC = Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) EIEC = No primary toxin EPEC = Effector proteins Signup and view all the answers

Match the following E. coli pathotypes with their primary clinical outcome:

STEC = Bloody diarrhea and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) ETEC = Watery diarrhea EIEC = Bloody diarrhea EPEC = Watery diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

Match the following E. coli pathotypes with their primary mechanism of intestinal injury:

STEC = Toxin-mediated damage to intestinal epithelium and blood vessels ETEC = Enterotoxin-mediated secretion of electrolytes and water EIEC = Invasion and destruction of epithelial cells EPEC = Injection of effector proteins into epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the following E. coli pathotypes with their primary target cells:

STEC = Intestinal epithelial cells and endothelial cells ETEC = Intestinal epithelial cells EIEC = Intestinal epithelial cells EPEC = Intestinal epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the following E. coli pathotypes with their primary disease outcome:

STEC = Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) ETEC = Traveler's diarrhea EIEC = Invasive diarrhea EPEC = Infantile diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

Match the following E. coli pathotypes with their primary mode of transmission:

STEC = Contaminated food and water ETEC = Contaminated food and water EIEC = Contaminated food and water EPEC = Contaminated formula and breast milk Signup and view all the answers

Match the following E. coli pathotypes with their primary complications:

STEC = Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) and thrombocytopenia ETEC = Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance EIEC = Intestinal perforation and sepsis EPEC = Malnutrition and growth retardation Signup and view all the answers

EPEC uses ______ to attach to intestinal epithelial cells.

bundle-forming pili Signup and view all the answers

UPEC uses ______ to adhere to uroepithelial cells.

type 1 fimbriae and P fimbriae Signup and view all the answers

Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) attaches to the host's intestinal cells using ______.

fimbriae Signup and view all the answers

EPEC injects ______ proteins via a Type III secretion system.

effector Signup and view all the answers

Shiga-like toxins (Stx1 and Stx2) cause damage to the intestinal ______ and blood vessels.

epithelium Signup and view all the answers

The toxins enter the bloodstream, affecting the ______.

kidneys Signup and view all the answers

UPEC produces ______ hemolysins, causing lysis of urinary tract cells.

alpha and beta Signup and view all the answers

EPEC primarily affects children under ______ years of age.

two Signup and view all the answers

Toxins bind to endothelial cells in the ______, causing apoptosis and gaps in the capillary walls.

glomeruli Signup and view all the answers

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) uses ______ to adhere to the intestinal mucosa.

fimbriae Signup and view all the answers

Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) activates ______, increasing cAMP, leading to chloride and water secretion.

adenylate cyclase Signup and view all the answers

Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) attaches to and invades ______ epithelial cells.

intestinal Signup and view all the answers

In Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), clots obstruct ______, leading to kidney ischemia, reduced filtration, and uremia.

arterioles Signup and view all the answers

Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) causes bloody diarrhea.

True Signup and view all the answers

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) causes a strong inflammatory response.

False Signup and view all the answers

Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) attaches to and invades intestinal epithelial cells.

True Signup and view all the answers

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) is a complication of ETEC infection.

False Signup and view all the answers

Shiga-like toxins cause apoptosis in endothelial cells in the glomeruli.

True Signup and view all the answers

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) produces heat-stable enterotoxin (ST).

True Signup and view all the answers

Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) causes hemolytic anemia.

True Signup and view all the answers

Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) produces Shiga-like toxins.

False Signup and view all the answers

EPEC causes pedestal formation and microvilli effacement through its type 1 fimbriae.

False Signup and view all the answers

UPEC produces alpha and beta hemolysins, causing lysis of urinary tract cells and leading to pyelonephritis.

True Signup and view all the answers

EPEC primarily affects adults above 50 years of age.

False Signup and view all the answers

UPEC can colonize the periurethral area and descend the urinary tract.

False Signup and view all the answers

EPEC injects effector proteins via a Type II secretion system, causing actin cytoskeleton rearrangement.

False Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Shiga-like Toxin-Producing E.coli (STEC)

Attaches to host's intestinal cells using fimbriae
Produces Shiga-like toxins (Stx1 and Stx2) which cause damage to intestinal epithelium and blood vessels
Intestinal injury leads to inflammation, fluid and blood leakage into the intestinal lumen, resulting in bloody diarrhea
Toxins can enter the bloodstream, causing Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

Toxins bind to endothelial cells in the glomeruli, causing apoptosis and gaps in the capillary walls, leading to proteinuria
Inflammatory response leads to platelet activation, clot formation, and thrombocytopenia
Red blood cells are fragmented as they pass through obstructed microvessels, resulting in hemolytic anemia
Clots obstruct arterioles, leading to kidney ischemia, reduced filtration, and uremia

Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC)

Attaches to intestinal mucosa using fimbriae
Produces heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and heat-stable enterotoxin (ST)
LT activates adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP, leading to chloride and water secretion
ST activates guanylate cyclase, increasing cGMP, leading to electrolyte and water secretion
Causes watery diarrhea without damaging the intestinal wall

Enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC)

Attaches to and invades intestinal epithelial cells
Invades and multiplies within epithelial cells, causing cell destruction and widespread epithelial damage
Triggers a strong inflammatory response, leading to bloody diarrhea

Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC)

Attaches to intestinal epithelial cells using bundle-forming pili (BFP)
Injects effector proteins via a Type III secretion system, causing actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and pedestal formation
Leads to microvilli effacement, impairing absorption and causing watery diarrhea, primarily in children under two years of age

Uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC)

Colonizes the periurethral area and ascends the urinary tract
Adheres to uroepithelial cells using type 1 fimbriae and P fimbriae
Invades and replicates within bladder cells, causing lysis of urinary tract cells
Can cause cystitis, characterized by dysuria and frequent urination, and pyelonephritis, characterized by flank pain and more severe symptoms

Shiga-like Toxin-Producing E.coli (STEC)

Attaches to host's intestinal cells using fimbriae
Produces Shiga-like toxins (Stx1 and Stx2) which cause damage to intestinal epithelium and blood vessels
Intestinal injury leads to inflammation, fluid and blood leakage into the intestinal lumen, resulting in bloody diarrhea
Toxins can enter the bloodstream, causing Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

Toxins bind to endothelial cells in the glomeruli, causing apoptosis and gaps in the capillary walls, leading to proteinuria
Inflammatory response leads to platelet activation, clot formation, and thrombocytopenia
Red blood cells are fragmented as they pass through obstructed microvessels, resulting in hemolytic anemia
Clots obstruct arterioles, leading to kidney ischemia, reduced filtration, and uremia

Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC)

Attaches to intestinal mucosa using fimbriae
Produces heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and heat-stable enterotoxin (ST)
LT activates adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP, leading to chloride and water secretion
ST activates guanylate cyclase, increasing cGMP, leading to electrolyte and water secretion
Causes watery diarrhea without damaging the intestinal wall

Enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC)

Attaches to and invades intestinal epithelial cells
Invades and multiplies within epithelial cells, causing cell destruction and widespread epithelial damage
Triggers a strong inflammatory response, leading to bloody diarrhea

Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC)

Attaches to intestinal epithelial cells using bundle-forming pili (BFP)
Injects effector proteins via a Type III secretion system, causing actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and pedestal formation
Leads to microvilli effacement, impairing absorption and causing watery diarrhea, primarily in children under two years of age

Uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC)

Colonizes the periurethral area and ascends the urinary tract
Adheres to uroepithelial cells using type 1 fimbriae and P fimbriae
Invades and replicates within bladder cells, causing lysis of urinary tract cells
Can cause cystitis, characterized by dysuria and frequent urination, and pyelonephritis, characterized by flank pain and more severe symptoms

Shiga-like Toxin-Producing E.coli (STEC)

Attaches to host's intestinal cells using fimbriae
Produces Shiga-like toxins (Stx1 and Stx2) which cause damage to intestinal epithelium and blood vessels
Intestinal injury leads to inflammation, fluid and blood leakage into the intestinal lumen, resulting in bloody diarrhea
Toxins can enter the bloodstream, causing Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

Toxins bind to endothelial cells in the glomeruli, causing apoptosis and gaps in the capillary walls, leading to proteinuria
Inflammatory response leads to platelet activation, clot formation, and thrombocytopenia
Red blood cells are fragmented as they pass through obstructed microvessels, resulting in hemolytic anemia
Clots obstruct arterioles, leading to kidney ischemia, reduced filtration, and uremia

Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC)

Attaches to intestinal mucosa using fimbriae
Produces heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and heat-stable enterotoxin (ST)
LT activates adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP, leading to chloride and water secretion
ST activates guanylate cyclase, increasing cGMP, leading to electrolyte and water secretion
Causes watery diarrhea without damaging the intestinal wall

Enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC)

Attaches to and invades intestinal epithelial cells
Invades and multiplies within epithelial cells, causing cell destruction and widespread epithelial damage
Triggers a strong inflammatory response, leading to bloody diarrhea

Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC)

Attaches to intestinal epithelial cells using bundle-forming pili (BFP)
Injects effector proteins via a Type III secretion system, causing actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and pedestal formation
Leads to microvilli effacement, impairing absorption and causing watery diarrhea, primarily in children under two years of age

Uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC)

Colonizes the periurethral area and ascends the urinary tract
Adheres to uroepithelial cells using type 1 fimbriae and P fimbriae
Invades and replicates within bladder cells, causing lysis of urinary tract cells
Can cause cystitis, characterized by dysuria and frequent urination, and pyelonephritis, characterized by flank pain and more severe symptoms

Shiga-like Toxin-Producing E.coli (STEC)

Attaches to host's intestinal cells using fimbriae
Produces Shiga-like toxins (Stx1 and Stx2) which cause damage to intestinal epithelium and blood vessels
Intestinal injury leads to inflammation, fluid and blood leakage into the intestinal lumen, resulting in bloody diarrhea
Toxins can enter the bloodstream, causing Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

Toxins bind to endothelial cells in the glomeruli, causing apoptosis and gaps in the capillary walls, leading to proteinuria
Inflammatory response leads to platelet activation, clot formation, and thrombocytopenia
Red blood cells are fragmented as they pass through obstructed microvessels, resulting in hemolytic anemia
Clots obstruct arterioles, leading to kidney ischemia, reduced filtration, and uremia

Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC)

Attaches to intestinal mucosa using fimbriae
Produces heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and heat-stable enterotoxin (ST)
LT activates adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP, leading to chloride and water secretion
ST activates guanylate cyclase, increasing cGMP, leading to electrolyte and water secretion
Causes watery diarrhea without damaging the intestinal wall

Enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC)

Attaches to and invades intestinal epithelial cells
Invades and multiplies within epithelial cells, causing cell destruction and widespread epithelial damage
Triggers a strong inflammatory response, leading to bloody diarrhea

Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC)

Attaches to intestinal epithelial cells using bundle-forming pili (BFP)
Injects effector proteins via a Type III secretion system, causing actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and pedestal formation
Leads to microvilli effacement, impairing absorption and causing watery diarrhea, primarily in children under two years of age

Uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC)

Colonizes the periurethral area and ascends the urinary tract
Adheres to uroepithelial cells using type 1 fimbriae and P fimbriae
Invades and replicates within bladder cells, causing lysis of urinary tract cells
Can cause cystitis, characterized by dysuria and frequent urination, and pyelonephritis, characterized by flank pain and more severe symptoms

Shiga-like Toxin-Producing E.coli (STEC)

Attaches to host's intestinal cells using fimbriae
Produces Shiga-like toxins (Stx1 and Stx2) which cause damage to intestinal epithelium and blood vessels
Intestinal injury leads to inflammation, fluid and blood leakage into the intestinal lumen, resulting in bloody diarrhea
Toxins can enter the bloodstream, causing Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

Toxins bind to endothelial cells in the glomeruli, causing apoptosis and gaps in the capillary walls, leading to proteinuria
Inflammatory response leads to platelet activation, clot formation, and thrombocytopenia
Red blood cells are fragmented as they pass through obstructed microvessels, resulting in hemolytic anemia
Clots obstruct arterioles, leading to kidney ischemia, reduced filtration, and uremia

Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC)

Attaches to intestinal mucosa using fimbriae
Produces heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and heat-stable enterotoxin (ST)
LT activates adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP, leading to chloride and water secretion
ST activates guanylate cyclase, increasing cGMP, leading to electrolyte and water secretion
Causes watery diarrhea without damaging the intestinal wall

Enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC)

Attaches to and invades intestinal epithelial cells
Invades and multiplies within epithelial cells, causing cell destruction and widespread epithelial damage
Triggers a strong inflammatory response, leading to bloody diarrhea

Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC)

Attaches to intestinal epithelial cells using bundle-forming pili (BFP)
Injects effector proteins via a Type III secretion system, causing actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and pedestal formation
Leads to microvilli effacement, impairing absorption and causing watery diarrhea, primarily in children under two years of age

Uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC)

Colonizes the periurethral area and ascends the urinary tract
Adheres to uroepithelial cells using type 1 fimbriae and P fimbriae
Invades and replicates within bladder cells, causing lysis of urinary tract cells
Can cause cystitis, characterized by dysuria and frequent urination, and pyelonephritis, characterized by flank pain and more severe symptoms

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