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Questions and Answers
Which pathogen produces a capsule as its principal virulence factor?
Which pathogen produces a capsule as its principal virulence factor?
- Cryptococcus (correct)
- Candida albicans
- Giardia lamblia
- Aspergillus
Which fungus produces ergot toxin, responsible for the disease known as ergotism?
Which fungus produces ergot toxin, responsible for the disease known as ergotism?
- Candida albicans
- Cryptococcus
- Claviceps purpurea (correct)
- Aspergillus
Which mycotoxin acts as a mutagen and a carcinogen and is produced by Aspergillus?
Which mycotoxin acts as a mutagen and a carcinogen and is produced by Aspergillus?
- None of the above
- Aflatoxin (correct)
- Ergot toxin
- Gliotoxin
Which protozoan pathogen uses a large adhesive disc composed of microtubules to attach to the intestinal mucosa?
Which protozoan pathogen uses a large adhesive disc composed of microtubules to attach to the intestinal mucosa?
Which protozoan pathogen produces an adhesin membrane protein known as PfEMP1, causing blood cells to stick to each other and to the walls of blood vessels?
Which protozoan pathogen produces an adhesin membrane protein known as PfEMP1, causing blood cells to stick to each other and to the walls of blood vessels?
Which helminth depends heavily on proteases that degrade skin proteins to gain entry to host tissues?
Which helminth depends heavily on proteases that degrade skin proteins to gain entry to host tissues?
Which helminth has a tough outer cuticle for protection?
Which helminth has a tough outer cuticle for protection?
Which helminth can evade the immune system through surface characteristic variations and glycan gimmickry?
Which helminth can evade the immune system through surface characteristic variations and glycan gimmickry?
Which helminth can actively suppress the immune system and release substances that overwhelm or cause an inappropriate response from the immune system?
Which helminth can actively suppress the immune system and release substances that overwhelm or cause an inappropriate response from the immune system?
Which pathogen produces adhesins that bind to the phospholipids of epithelial and endothelial cells?
Which pathogen produces adhesins that bind to the phospholipids of epithelial and endothelial cells?
Which pathogen produces two mycotoxins, aflatoxin and gliotoxin?
Which pathogen produces two mycotoxins, aflatoxin and gliotoxin?
Which protozoan pathogen has the ability to survive inside phagocytic vesicles?
Which protozoan pathogen has the ability to survive inside phagocytic vesicles?
Which of the following is a virulence factor produced by Candida albicans?
Which of the following is a virulence factor produced by Candida albicans?
What is the principal constituent of Cryptococcus' virulence factor?
What is the principal constituent of Cryptococcus' virulence factor?
What is the disease caused by Claviceps purpurea's ergot toxin?
What is the disease caused by Claviceps purpurea's ergot toxin?
What is the role of gliotoxin in Aspergillus' virulence?
What is the role of gliotoxin in Aspergillus' virulence?
What is the function of Giardia lamblia's adhesive disc?
What is the function of Giardia lamblia's adhesive disc?
What is the name of the adhesin membrane protein produced by Plasmodium falciparum?
What is the name of the adhesin membrane protein produced by Plasmodium falciparum?
What is the mechanism used by Trypanosoma brucei to evade recognition by host antibodies?
What is the mechanism used by Trypanosoma brucei to evade recognition by host antibodies?
What is the primary function of helminths' proteases?
What is the primary function of helminths' proteases?
What is glycan gimmickry?
What is glycan gimmickry?
What is the function of helminths' tough outer cuticle?
What is the function of helminths' tough outer cuticle?
What is the commonality between the pathogenic mechanisms of fungi, parasites, and bacteria?
What is the commonality between the pathogenic mechanisms of fungi, parasites, and bacteria?
What is the function of antigens in protozoan pathogens' pathogenic mechanisms?
What is the function of antigens in protozoan pathogens' pathogenic mechanisms?
Which of the following is a virulence factor produced by Candida albicans?
Which of the following is a virulence factor produced by Candida albicans?
What is the principal constituent of Cryptococcus' virulence factor?
What is the principal constituent of Cryptococcus' virulence factor?
What is the disease caused by Claviceps purpurea's ergot toxin?
What is the disease caused by Claviceps purpurea's ergot toxin?
What is the role of gliotoxin in Aspergillus' virulence?
What is the role of gliotoxin in Aspergillus' virulence?
What is the function of Giardia lamblia's adhesive disc?
What is the function of Giardia lamblia's adhesive disc?
What is the name of the adhesin membrane protein produced by Plasmodium falciparum?
What is the name of the adhesin membrane protein produced by Plasmodium falciparum?
What is the mechanism used by Trypanosoma brucei to evade recognition by host antibodies?
What is the mechanism used by Trypanosoma brucei to evade recognition by host antibodies?
What is the primary function of helminths' proteases?
What is the primary function of helminths' proteases?
What is glycan gimmickry?
What is glycan gimmickry?
What is the function of helminths' tough outer cuticle?
What is the function of helminths' tough outer cuticle?
What is the commonality between the pathogenic mechanisms of fungi, parasites, and bacteria?
What is the commonality between the pathogenic mechanisms of fungi, parasites, and bacteria?
What is the function of antigens in protozoan pathogens' pathogenic mechanisms?
What is the function of antigens in protozoan pathogens' pathogenic mechanisms?
What is the general similarity between the pathogenesis and virulence mechanisms of fungi, parasites, and bacteria?
What is the general similarity between the pathogenesis and virulence mechanisms of fungi, parasites, and bacteria?
What is the role of Candida albicans' proteases and phospholipases in its pathogenicity?
What is the role of Candida albicans' proteases and phospholipases in its pathogenicity?
What is the effect of Cryptococcus' capsule on its virulence?
What is the effect of Cryptococcus' capsule on its virulence?
What is the effect of Aspergillus' gliotoxin on host cells?
What is the effect of Aspergillus' gliotoxin on host cells?
What is the effect of Giardia lamblia's attachment to the intestinal mucosa?
What is the effect of Giardia lamblia's attachment to the intestinal mucosa?
What is the effect of Plasmodium falciparum's PfEMP1 protein on blood cells?
What is the effect of Plasmodium falciparum's PfEMP1 protein on blood cells?
What is the mechanism by which Trypanosoma brucei evades phagocytosis and recognition by host antibodies?
What is the mechanism by which Trypanosoma brucei evades phagocytosis and recognition by host antibodies?
What is the primary virulence factor of helminths?
What is the primary virulence factor of helminths?
How do helminths evade the immune system?
How do helminths evade the immune system?
What is the effect of helminths' substances on the immune system?
What is the effect of helminths' substances on the immune system?
What is the disease caused by Claviceps purpurea's ergot toxin?
What is the disease caused by Claviceps purpurea's ergot toxin?
What is the effect of Aspergillus' aflatoxin on host cells?
What is the effect of Aspergillus' aflatoxin on host cells?
What is the general mechanism of virulence involved in disease production by fungi and parasites?
What is the general mechanism of virulence involved in disease production by fungi and parasites?
What is the role of Candida albicans' proteases and phospholipases in disease production?
What is the role of Candida albicans' proteases and phospholipases in disease production?
What is the function of Cryptococcus' capsule in disease production?
What is the function of Cryptococcus' capsule in disease production?
What is the disease caused by Claviceps purpurea's ergot toxin?
What is the disease caused by Claviceps purpurea's ergot toxin?
What is the function of Aspergillus' gliotoxin in disease production?
What is the function of Aspergillus' gliotoxin in disease production?
What is the function of Giardia lamblia's adhesive disc in disease production?
What is the function of Giardia lamblia's adhesive disc in disease production?
What is the function of Plasmodium falciparum's adhesin membrane protein, PfEMP1, in disease production?
What is the function of Plasmodium falciparum's adhesin membrane protein, PfEMP1, in disease production?
What is the function of Trypanosoma brucei's capsules and antigenic variation in disease production?
What is the function of Trypanosoma brucei's capsules and antigenic variation in disease production?
What is the function of helminths' proteases in disease production?
What is the function of helminths' proteases in disease production?
What is the function of helminths' tough outer cuticle in disease production?
What is the function of helminths' tough outer cuticle in disease production?
What is the function of helminths' ability to actively suppress the immune system in disease production?
What is the function of helminths' ability to actively suppress the immune system in disease production?
What is the main difference between the pathogenic mechanisms and virulence factors of fungi and parasites compared to bacteria?
What is the main difference between the pathogenic mechanisms and virulence factors of fungi and parasites compared to bacteria?
What is the pathogenic mechanism of fungi and parasites compared to bacteria?
What is the pathogenic mechanism of fungi and parasites compared to bacteria?
What is the function of Candida albicans' adhesins?
What is the function of Candida albicans' adhesins?
What is the role of Cryptococcus' capsule in its virulence?
What is the role of Cryptococcus' capsule in its virulence?
What is the disease caused by Claviceps purpurea's ergot toxin?
What is the disease caused by Claviceps purpurea's ergot toxin?
What are the two mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus?
What are the two mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus?
What is the pathogenic mechanism of protozoan pathogens?
What is the pathogenic mechanism of protozoan pathogens?
What is the function of Giardia lamblia's adhesive disc?
What is the function of Giardia lamblia's adhesive disc?
What is the function of Plasmodium falciparum's adhesin membrane protein?
What is the function of Plasmodium falciparum's adhesin membrane protein?
What is the function of Trypanosoma brucei's capsules?
What is the function of Trypanosoma brucei's capsules?
How do helminths evade the immune system?
How do helminths evade the immune system?
How do helminths gain entry to host tissues?
How do helminths gain entry to host tissues?
How do helminths suppress the immune system?
How do helminths suppress the immune system?
What is a pathogenic mechanism shared by fungi, parasites, and bacteria?
What is a pathogenic mechanism shared by fungi, parasites, and bacteria?
What is the role of Candida albicans' adhesins?
What is the role of Candida albicans' adhesins?
What is the function of Cryptococcus' capsule?
What is the function of Cryptococcus' capsule?
What is the disease caused by Claviceps purpurea's ergot toxin?
What is the disease caused by Claviceps purpurea's ergot toxin?
What is the function of Aspergillus' gliotoxin?
What is the function of Aspergillus' gliotoxin?
What is the function of Giardia lamblia's adhesive disc?
What is the function of Giardia lamblia's adhesive disc?
What is the function of Plasmodium falciparum's PfEMP1?
What is the function of Plasmodium falciparum's PfEMP1?
What is the function of Trypanosoma brucei's antigenic variation?
What is the function of Trypanosoma brucei's antigenic variation?
What is the function of helminths' surface characteristic variations and glycan gimmickry?
What is the function of helminths' surface characteristic variations and glycan gimmickry?
What is the function of helminths' ability to actively suppress the immune system?
What is the function of helminths' ability to actively suppress the immune system?
What is a common virulence factor produced by protozoan pathogens?
What is a common virulence factor produced by protozoan pathogens?
What is a common virulence factor produced by helminths?
What is a common virulence factor produced by helminths?
Which of the following is a pathogenic mechanism shared by fungi, parasites, and bacteria?
Which of the following is a pathogenic mechanism shared by fungi, parasites, and bacteria?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by Giardia lamblia to cause inflammation and shortening of the intestinal villi?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by Giardia lamblia to cause inflammation and shortening of the intestinal villi?
What is the virulence factor produced by Candida albicans that assists in spread and tissue invasion?
What is the virulence factor produced by Candida albicans that assists in spread and tissue invasion?
What is the principal constituent of Cryptococcus' virulence factor?
What is the principal constituent of Cryptococcus' virulence factor?
What is the disease caused by Claviceps purpurea's ergot toxin?
What is the disease caused by Claviceps purpurea's ergot toxin?
Which mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus acts as a mutagen and a carcinogen?
Which mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus acts as a mutagen and a carcinogen?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by Plasmodium falciparum to cause organ failure, anemia, and jaundice?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by Plasmodium falciparum to cause organ failure, anemia, and jaundice?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by Trypanosoma brucei to evade phagocytosis and recognition by host antibodies?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by Trypanosoma brucei to evade phagocytosis and recognition by host antibodies?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by helminths to gain entry to host tissues?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by helminths to gain entry to host tissues?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by helminths to evade detection by the immune system?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by helminths to evade detection by the immune system?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by helminths to suppress the immune system?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by helminths to suppress the immune system?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by protozoan pathogens to survive inside phagocytic vesicles?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by protozoan pathogens to survive inside phagocytic vesicles?
Which of the following is a pathogenic mechanism shared by fungi, parasites, and bacteria?
Which of the following is a pathogenic mechanism shared by fungi, parasites, and bacteria?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by Giardia lamblia to cause inflammation and shortening of the intestinal villi?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by Giardia lamblia to cause inflammation and shortening of the intestinal villi?
What is the virulence factor produced by Candida albicans that assists in spread and tissue invasion?
What is the virulence factor produced by Candida albicans that assists in spread and tissue invasion?
What is the principal constituent of Cryptococcus' virulence factor?
What is the principal constituent of Cryptococcus' virulence factor?
What is the disease caused by Claviceps purpurea's ergot toxin?
What is the disease caused by Claviceps purpurea's ergot toxin?
Which mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus acts as a mutagen and a carcinogen?
Which mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus acts as a mutagen and a carcinogen?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by Plasmodium falciparum to cause organ failure, anemia, and jaundice?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by Plasmodium falciparum to cause organ failure, anemia, and jaundice?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by Trypanosoma brucei to evade phagocytosis and recognition by host antibodies?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by Trypanosoma brucei to evade phagocytosis and recognition by host antibodies?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by helminths to gain entry to host tissues?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by helminths to gain entry to host tissues?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by helminths to evade detection by the immune system?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by helminths to evade detection by the immune system?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by helminths to suppress the immune system?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by helminths to suppress the immune system?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by protozoan pathogens to survive inside phagocytic vesicles?
What is the pathogenic mechanism used by protozoan pathogens to survive inside phagocytic vesicles?
What is the general similarity between the pathogenic mechanisms of fungi, parasites, and bacteria?
What is the general similarity between the pathogenic mechanisms of fungi, parasites, and bacteria?
Which of the following is NOT a virulence factor produced by Candida albicans?
Which of the following is NOT a virulence factor produced by Candida albicans?
Which of the following diseases can be caused by Claviceps purpurea's ergot toxin?
Which of the following diseases can be caused by Claviceps purpurea's ergot toxin?
What is the effect of Giardia lamblia's large adhesive disc on the intestinal mucosa?
What is the effect of Giardia lamblia's large adhesive disc on the intestinal mucosa?
What is the function of Plasmodium falciparum's adhesin membrane protein, PfEMP1?
What is the function of Plasmodium falciparum's adhesin membrane protein, PfEMP1?
What is the mechanism by which Trypanosoma brucei evades phagocytosis and recognition by host antibodies?
What is the mechanism by which Trypanosoma brucei evades phagocytosis and recognition by host antibodies?
What is the function of helminths' tough outer cuticle?
What is the function of helminths' tough outer cuticle?
What is the mechanism by which helminths evade the immune system?
What is the mechanism by which helminths evade the immune system?
What is the effect of Aspergillus' gliotoxin on host cells?
What is the effect of Aspergillus' gliotoxin on host cells?
What is the mechanism by which protozoan pathogens survive inside phagocytic vesicles?
What is the mechanism by which protozoan pathogens survive inside phagocytic vesicles?
Which of the following is NOT a virulence factor produced by Cryptococcus?
Which of the following is NOT a virulence factor produced by Cryptococcus?
Which of the following is NOT a pathogenic mechanism used by protozoan pathogens?
Which of the following is NOT a pathogenic mechanism used by protozoan pathogens?
What is the general similarity between the pathogenic mechanisms of fungi, protozoa, and bacteria?
What is the general similarity between the pathogenic mechanisms of fungi, protozoa, and bacteria?
Which of the following is NOT a virulence factor produced by Candida albicans?
Which of the following is NOT a virulence factor produced by Candida albicans?
What is the function of Giardia lamblia's adhesive disc?
What is the function of Giardia lamblia's adhesive disc?
What is the consequence of Plasmodium falciparum's adhesin membrane protein, PfEMP1?
What is the consequence of Plasmodium falciparum's adhesin membrane protein, PfEMP1?
What is the function of Trypanosoma brucei's antigenic variation?
What is the function of Trypanosoma brucei's antigenic variation?
What is the function of helminths' tough outer cuticle?
What is the function of helminths' tough outer cuticle?
What is the consequence of Aspergillus' gliotoxin?
What is the consequence of Aspergillus' gliotoxin?
What is the function of Cryptococcus' capsule?
What is the function of Cryptococcus' capsule?
What is the consequence of Claviceps purpurea's ergot toxin?
What is the consequence of Claviceps purpurea's ergot toxin?
What is the function of protozoan pathogens' antigenic variation?
What is the function of protozoan pathogens' antigenic variation?
What is the function of helminths' surface characteristic variations and glycan gimmickry?
What is the function of helminths' surface characteristic variations and glycan gimmickry?
What is the consequence of Aspergillus' aflatoxin?
What is the consequence of Aspergillus' aflatoxin?
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