Pathogen Invasion
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a necessary step for a pathogen to successfully cause disease in a host?

  • Persisting in the host long enough to reproduce
  • Adhering to host cells
  • Spreading to other tissues
  • Stimulating host defense mechanisms (correct)

What are virulence factors?

  • Strategies to help pathogens resist host defense mechanisms
  • Tools that help pathogens reproduce in the host
  • Adaptations to enable pathogens to adhere to, gain entry into, and persist in host tissues (correct)
  • Factors that help pathogens spread to other tissues

How have the evolutionary strategies of pathogens and host resistance strategies evolved?

  • Pathogens have always been ahead of host resistance strategies
  • They have evolved at the same pace throughout history (correct)
  • Host resistance strategies have always been ahead of pathogen strategies
  • Their evolution is unpredictable and varies between different pathogens and hosts

Question 1

<p>Explain the four steps that a pathogen must take in order to establish an infection in a host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Answer 1

<p>A pathogen must adhere to the host's cells, colonize host tissues, spread to other tissues, and persist in the host long enough to reproduce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Question 2

<p>What are virulence factors, and how do they contribute to a pathogen's ability to cause disease?</p> Signup and view all the answers

Answer 2

<p>Virulence factors are strategies or adaptations that allow a pathogen to adhere to, gain entry into, and persist in host tissues. Each pathogen has a 'toolkit' of virulence factors that help it to successfully establish itself in the host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Question 3

<p>How have the evolutionary strategies of pathogens and host resistance strategies developed over time?</p> Signup and view all the answers

Answer 3

<p>It is believed that the evolutionary strategies of pathogens are just slightly ahead of the development of host resistance strategies. The two have evolved more or less side by side throughout the history of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pathogens have developed an array of strategies or adaptations to enable them to ______ to, gain entry into and persist in their hosts.

<p>adhere</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each pathogen has a ‘toolkit’ of ______ factors that help it to successfully establish itself in host tissues.

<p>virulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is thought that the evolutionary strategies of pathogens are just slightly ahead of the development of host ______ strategies.

<p>resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

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