Parts of Long Bone Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What are long bones primarily known for?

The bones of the appendicular system

Which of the following are parts of a long bone? (Select all that apply)

  • Axial cartilage
  • Epiphysis (correct)
  • Articular cartilage (correct)
  • Diaphysis (correct)

    • What is the epiphysis?

    The rounded ends of the bone where one bone meets another to form a joint.

    What is the diaphysis?

    <p>The shaft of the long bone, the area between each epiphysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of articular cartilage?

    <p>Protective tissue covering the joints at each epiphysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is spongy bone?

    <p>A deeper layer which contains red bone marrow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medullary cavity?

    <p>Interior part of the long bone composed of yellow marrow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the endosteum?

    <p>A thin layer of connective tissue that covers the medullary cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the periosteum?

    <p>A tough exterior membrane surrounding a bone to help protect it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for the clavicle?

    <p>Collar bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for the scapula?

    <p>Shoulder bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bone extends from the scapula to the elbow?

    <p>Humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is on the pinky side of the forearm?

    <p>Ulna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is on the thumb side of the forearm?

    <p>Radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are carpals?

    <p>Eight roughly cube-shaped bones in the wrist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do metacarpals connect?

    <p>They connect the carpals to the phalanges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many phalanges are in each finger?

    <p>Three phalanges, except for the thumb which contains two.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bones make up the pelvis?

    <p>Ilium, Ischium, Pubis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the upper and widest of the three hip bones?

    <p>Ilium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ischium?

    <p>Lower, rear portion of the pelvis that you sit on.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest of the three pelvic bones?

    <p>Pubis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the longest and thickest bone in the human skeleton?

    <p>Femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for the patella?

    <p>Knee cap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is found between the knee and ankle on the inner side?

    <p>Tibia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the outer of the two bones in the leg?

    <p>Fibula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are tarsals?

    <p>Seven roughly cube-shaped bones in the ankle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do metatarsals attach to?

    <p>Tarsals and phalanges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many phalanges does each toe contain?

    <p>Three phalanges, except for the big toe which contains two.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an open fracture?

    <p>The end or ends of the broken bone break through the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a closed fracture?

    <p>The bone breaks all the way across but does not break through the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a compression fracture?

    <p>The bone collapses onto itself usually from a weakening of the bone due to illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes a stress fracture?

    <p>Caused by the repeated stress of the muscle pulling on the bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a comminuted fracture?

    <p>The bone is broken into more than two pieces or is crushed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Long Bones Overview

    • Long bones are primarily components of the appendicular skeletal system.
    • Their structure includes distinct parts, each serving vital functions.

    Parts of Long Bone

    • Epiphysis: Rounded ends where two bones connect to form joints.
    • Diaphysis: The long shaft which connects distal and proximal ends of the bone.
    • Articular Cartilage: Protective tissue covering the epiphyses at joints, reducing friction.
    • Spongy Bone: Inner bone layer housing red bone marrow, facilitating blood cell production.
    • Medullary Cavity: Hollow interior filled with yellow marrow, storing fat.
    • Endosteum: Thin connective tissue lining the medullary cavity, involved in bone growth and repair.
    • Periosteum: Tough membrane surrounding the bone, important for protection and attachment of muscles and ligaments.

    Upper Limb Bones

    • Clavicle: Known as the collarbone, helps maintain arm position.
    • Scapula: Also the shoulder bone, located posteriorly; enables arm movement.
    • Humerus: The upper arm bone extending from the shoulder to the elbow.
    • Ulna: Longer forearm bone on the pinky side, forms the elbow joint.
    • Radius: Forearm bone on the thumb side.

    Wrist and Hand Bones

    • Carpals: Eight cube-shaped bones in the wrist, allowing flexible movement.
    • Metacarpals: Five bones connecting carpals to phalanges, aiding flexibility of the palm.
    • Phalanges: Bones in fingers; each finger has three, except the thumb which has two.

    Pelvic Bones

    • Pelvis: Comprised of ilium, ischium, and pubis, supports body weight and protects pelvic organs.
    • Ilium: The uppermost and largest part of the hip bone.
    • Ischium: The lower, rear part of the pelvis, typically associated with sitting.
    • Pubis: Smallest component, forming the front portion of the pelvic floor.

    Lower Limb Bones

    • Femur: The longest and heaviest bone, commonly referred to as the thigh bone.
    • Patella: The kneecap, a small flat bone protecting the knee joint.
    • Tibia: The thicker inner bone of the lower leg, between knee and ankle.
    • Fibula: The thinner outer bone of the lower leg, providing stability.

    Ankle and Foot Bones

    • Tarsals: Seven bones in the ankle that slide past each other for flexibility.
    • Metatarsals: Five bones connecting tarsals to phalanges, contributing to foot flexibility.
    • Phalanges: Toe bones; each toe has three, except the big toe which has two.

    Bone Fractures

    • Open Fracture: Bone ends break through the skin, increasing infection risk.
    • Closed Fracture: Bone fractures without skin penetration, reducing infection danger.
    • Compression Fracture: Bones collapse, often due to weakened conditions.
    • Stress Fracture: Resulting from repetitive force, often from muscle strain.
    • Comminuted Fracture: The bone shatters into multiple pieces, complicating healing.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the essential components and terms related to long bones in the human skeletal system. Each flashcard presents a specific part of the long bone and its definition, making it a great tool for mastering anatomy. Ideal for students studying human biology or anatomy-related courses.

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