Questions and Answers
What are long bones primarily known for?
The bones of the appendicular system
Which of the following are parts of a long bone? (Select all that apply)
What is the epiphysis?
The rounded ends of the bone where one bone meets another to form a joint.
What is the diaphysis?
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What is the function of articular cartilage?
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What is spongy bone?
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What is the medullary cavity?
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What is the endosteum?
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What is the periosteum?
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What is the common name for the clavicle?
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What is the common name for the scapula?
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What bone extends from the scapula to the elbow?
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Which bone is on the pinky side of the forearm?
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Which bone is on the thumb side of the forearm?
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What are carpals?
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What do metacarpals connect?
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How many phalanges are in each finger?
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What bones make up the pelvis?
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Which is the upper and widest of the three hip bones?
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What is the ischium?
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What is the smallest of the three pelvic bones?
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What is the longest and thickest bone in the human skeleton?
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What is the common name for the patella?
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Which bone is found between the knee and ankle on the inner side?
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Which is the outer of the two bones in the leg?
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What are tarsals?
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What do metatarsals attach to?
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How many phalanges does each toe contain?
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What is an open fracture?
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What is a closed fracture?
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What is a compression fracture?
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What causes a stress fracture?
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What is a comminuted fracture?
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Study Notes
Long Bones Overview
- Long bones are primarily components of the appendicular skeletal system.
- Their structure includes distinct parts, each serving vital functions.
Parts of Long Bone
- Epiphysis: Rounded ends where two bones connect to form joints.
- Diaphysis: The long shaft which connects distal and proximal ends of the bone.
- Articular Cartilage: Protective tissue covering the epiphyses at joints, reducing friction.
- Spongy Bone: Inner bone layer housing red bone marrow, facilitating blood cell production.
- Medullary Cavity: Hollow interior filled with yellow marrow, storing fat.
- Endosteum: Thin connective tissue lining the medullary cavity, involved in bone growth and repair.
- Periosteum: Tough membrane surrounding the bone, important for protection and attachment of muscles and ligaments.
Upper Limb Bones
- Clavicle: Known as the collarbone, helps maintain arm position.
- Scapula: Also the shoulder bone, located posteriorly; enables arm movement.
- Humerus: The upper arm bone extending from the shoulder to the elbow.
- Ulna: Longer forearm bone on the pinky side, forms the elbow joint.
- Radius: Forearm bone on the thumb side.
Wrist and Hand Bones
- Carpals: Eight cube-shaped bones in the wrist, allowing flexible movement.
- Metacarpals: Five bones connecting carpals to phalanges, aiding flexibility of the palm.
- Phalanges: Bones in fingers; each finger has three, except the thumb which has two.
Pelvic Bones
- Pelvis: Comprised of ilium, ischium, and pubis, supports body weight and protects pelvic organs.
- Ilium: The uppermost and largest part of the hip bone.
- Ischium: The lower, rear part of the pelvis, typically associated with sitting.
- Pubis: Smallest component, forming the front portion of the pelvic floor.
Lower Limb Bones
- Femur: The longest and heaviest bone, commonly referred to as the thigh bone.
- Patella: The kneecap, a small flat bone protecting the knee joint.
- Tibia: The thicker inner bone of the lower leg, between knee and ankle.
- Fibula: The thinner outer bone of the lower leg, providing stability.
Ankle and Foot Bones
- Tarsals: Seven bones in the ankle that slide past each other for flexibility.
- Metatarsals: Five bones connecting tarsals to phalanges, contributing to foot flexibility.
- Phalanges: Toe bones; each toe has three, except the big toe which has two.
Bone Fractures
- Open Fracture: Bone ends break through the skin, increasing infection risk.
- Closed Fracture: Bone fractures without skin penetration, reducing infection danger.
- Compression Fracture: Bones collapse, often due to weakened conditions.
- Stress Fracture: Resulting from repetitive force, often from muscle strain.
- Comminuted Fracture: The bone shatters into multiple pieces, complicating healing.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential components and terms related to long bones in the human skeletal system. Each flashcard presents a specific part of the long bone and its definition, making it a great tool for mastering anatomy. Ideal for students studying human biology or anatomy-related courses.
