Long Bone Anatomy Flashcards

Study Notes

Long Bone Anatomy

Diaphysis is the shaft or middle section of a long bone, providing structural support and aiding in weight bearing.
Epiphysis refers to the enlarged end of a long bone, providing a surface for joint articulation and muscle attachment.
Articular cartilage is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage found on the distal and proximal epiphyses that reduces friction and absorbs shock at the joints.

Supporting Structures

Periosteum is a tough, fibrous connective tissue layer that encases the bone, facilitating attachment of tendons and ligaments, and playing a role in bone growth and repair.
Medullary cavity is a hollow space within the diaphysis containing bone marrow, crucial for storing marrow and facilitating nutrient transport.

Bone Marrow Types

Red marrow is situated within spongy bone and is essential for hematopoiesis, the process of blood cell formation.
Yellow marrow resides in the medullary cavity of adults and serves primarily as a fat storage area, helping in energy reserves.

Bone Composition

Compact bone is the outer layer composed of dense, hard tissue arranged in repeating units called osteons, providing strength and protection to the bone structure.
Spongy bone forms the inner part of the bone, characterized by a mesh-like network of trabeculae that provides structural support while being lightweight, filled with red marrow.

Growth and Development

Epiphyseal plate is a band of hyaline cartilage located between the diaphysis and epiphyses in growing individuals, allowing for bone elongation during childhood and adolescence; it later ossifies into an epiphyseal line when growth ceases.

Description

This quiz features flashcards focused on the anatomy of long bones. Learn about essential terms such as diaphysis, epiphysis, and periosteum, along with their definitions. Perfect for anyone studying bone structure in anatomy courses.