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Questions and Answers
What does the given text primarily refer to?
What does the given text primarily refer to?
Which parameter is NOT directly mentioned in the given text?
Which parameter is NOT directly mentioned in the given text?
What is the trend observed in the 'L (cm)' values in the text?
What is the trend observed in the 'L (cm)' values in the text?
In the given text, what does 'RA' most likely stand for?
In the given text, what does 'RA' most likely stand for?
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What does the 'Percent Finer' data in the text help determine?
What does the 'Percent Finer' data in the text help determine?
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What is the diameter of the sieves used in the sieve analysis test as per ASTM D6913?
What is the diameter of the sieves used in the sieve analysis test as per ASTM D6913?
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Which organization is responsible for the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS)?
Which organization is responsible for the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS)?
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What is the purpose of placing a pan below the stack of sieves in the sieve analysis test?
What is the purpose of placing a pan below the stack of sieves in the sieve analysis test?
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In the sieve analysis test, what does the mass of soil retained on each sieve indicate?
In the sieve analysis test, what does the mass of soil retained on each sieve indicate?
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Which grain size classification includes particles smaller than 0.002 mm?
Which grain size classification includes particles smaller than 0.002 mm?
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According to ASTM D6913, what should be done if the mass of the soil sample after sieving has lost 0.5% from the measured initial mass?
According to ASTM D6913, what should be done if the mass of the soil sample after sieving has lost 0.5% from the measured initial mass?
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What is the purpose of a hydrometer in soil analysis?
What is the purpose of a hydrometer in soil analysis?
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In a hydrometer test, what does a reading of '0' indicate?
In a hydrometer test, what does a reading of '0' indicate?
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What is the purpose of using Calgon solution in hydrometer analysis?
What is the purpose of using Calgon solution in hydrometer analysis?
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Why is it important to calibrate the hydrometer before conducting a test?
Why is it important to calibrate the hydrometer before conducting a test?
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What role does Sodium Hexametaphosphate play in preparing the soil slurry for hydrometer analysis?
What role does Sodium Hexametaphosphate play in preparing the soil slurry for hydrometer analysis?
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What information can be obtained by taking hydrometer readings at different time intervals?
What information can be obtained by taking hydrometer readings at different time intervals?
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Study Notes
Particle Size Grading and Classification
- Soil classification is based on particle size, which can be classified using different systems, including USDA and AASHTO.
Classification Systems
- USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) classification system:
- Gravel: larger than 2.00 mm
- Sand: 0.05 to 2.00 mm
- Silt: 0.002 to 0.05 mm
- Clay: smaller than 0.002 mm
- AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials) classification system:
- Gravel: larger than 4.75 mm
- Sand: 0.075 to 4.75 mm
- Silt and Clay: smaller than 0.075 mm
- Unified Soil Classification System (USCS):
- Coarse-grained soil: gravel and sand
- Fine-grained soil: silt and clay
Sieve Analysis
- Sieve analysis is a method of determining particle size distribution by shaking a soil sample through a set of sieves with progressively smaller openings.
- The standard stack of sieves used includes sieve nos. 4, 10, 20, 40, 60, 100, 140, and 200.
- Oven-dried soil must be used, and the weight of the soil sample must be recorded before and after sieving.
Sieve Analysis Example
- The example shows a sieve analysis with the following data:
- Sieve No. 4: 521 g
- Sieve No. 10: 491.8 g
- ...
- The data can be used to plot a grain-size distribution curve.
Hydrometer Analysis
- Hydrometer analysis is a method of determining particle size distribution based on the principle of sedimentation.
- The test uses an apparatus called a hydrometer to measure the rate at which particles settle in a mixture.
- The test involves preparing a soil slurry, calibrating the hydrometer, and taking readings at different times.
Hydrometer Analysis Example
- The example shows a hydrometer analysis with the following data:
- Hydrometer readings at different times (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60, 120 minutes, and 24 hours)
- Temperature readings at different times
- The data can be used to determine the percent finer of soil particles.
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Description
Test your knowledge on ways of classifying soil particle size in geotechnical engineering. Learn about compactness, grading orientation, and texture classification according to different organizations such as USDA, AASHTO, and USCS.
