Parkinson's Disease Pathophysiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of dopamine in the basal ganglia region of the brain?

  • Excitatory neurotransmitter
  • Sensory relay
  • Motor cortex controller
  • Inhibitory neurotransmitter (correct)

    • What happens when there is a loss of dopamine stores in the basal ganglia region?

  • Decreased excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters
  • More excitatory neurotransmitters than inhibitory neurotransmitters (correct)
  • No impact on neurotransmitter balance
  • Increased inhibitory neurotransmitters

    • At what percentage of pigmented neurons lost do clinical symptoms of Parkinson's Disease appear?

  • 80%
  • 60% (correct)
  • 20%
  • 40%

    • What is the main factor contributing to the impairment of extrapyramidal tracts in Parkinson's Disease?

    <p>Decreased dopamine levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is excitatory in the corpus striatum?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of decreased dopamine levels on neurotransmitter balance in the basal ganglia region?

    <p>Leads to an imbalance favoring excitatory neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the brain experiences cellular degeneration in Parkinson's Disease?

    <p>Basal ganglia region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage decrease in striatal dopamine levels is associated with the appearance of clinical symptoms?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the brain is responsible for controlling and refining motor movements?

    <p>Corpus striatum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main impact of the loss of dopamine stores in the basal ganglia region?

    <p>Imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of early Parkinson's Disease cases are associated with multiple genetic mutations?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of current research on Parkinson's Disease neurodegeneration?

    <p>Uncovering the exact mechanism of neurodegeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cardinal sign of Parkinson's disease is characterized by resistance to passive limb movement?

    <p>Rigidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of Parkinson's disease that refers to the overall slowing of active movement?

    <p>Bradykinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subtype of Parkinson's disease is characterized by the absence of most symptoms except tremor?

    <p>Tremor dominant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gradual onset and slow progression of symptoms over a chronic, prolonged course a characteristic of?

    <p>Parkinson's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autonomic symptom is often produced by the effect of Parkinson's disease on the basal ganglia?

    <p>Excessive sweating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a substantial problem for more than 50% of patients with Parkinson's disease, characterized by choking and vision changes?

    <p>Dysphagia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common psychiatric change associated with Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Dementia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transient inability to perform active movement in Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Freezing phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the impaired ability to execute voluntary movements associated with the adverse effects of medications used to treat Parkinson's disease symptoms?

    <p>Dyskinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication associated with Parkinson's disease related to disorders of movement?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does more than 80% of patients with a 20-year disease duration of Parkinson's disease experience?

    <p>Dementia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common neurogenic symptom that occurs in 30% to 50% of patients with Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cardinal signs of Parkinson's Disease?

    <p>Tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia/akinesia, and postural instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subtype of Parkinson's Disease is characterized by a common initial symptom of resting tremor?

    <p>Tremor dominant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is muscle rigidity in Parkinson's Disease characterized?

    <p>Resistance to passive limb movement and may cause lead-pipe or cogwheel movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is bradykinesia in the context of Parkinson's Disease?

    <p>Overall slowing of active movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does postural instability in Parkinson's Disease lead to?

    <p>Gait problems, propulsive gait, and an increased risk of falls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are common autonomic symptoms associated with Parkinson's Disease?

    <p>Excessive sweating, drooling, flushing, hypotension, and urinary retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychiatric changes are commonly associated with Parkinson's Disease?

    <p>Depression, anxiety, dementia, hallucinations, and psychosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some complications associated with Parkinson's Disease?

    <p>Respiratory and urinary tract infections, skin breakdown, and medication side effects like dyskinesia and orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Parkinson's Disease patients with a 20-year disease duration experience dementia?

    <p>More than 80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of ongoing research on Parkinson's Disease?

    <p>Identifying biomarkers and developing individualized treatment options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Parkinson's Disease: Clinical Manifestations and Complications

    • Ongoing research focuses on identifying biomarkers and developing individualized treatment options for Parkinson's Disease (PD) (Poewe et al., 2017).
    • PD has a gradual onset and symptoms progress slowly over a chronic, prolonged course.
    • Cardinal signs of PD include tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia/akinesia, and postural instability (Hickey & Strayer, 2020).
    • Two major subtypes of PD are tremor dominant and nontremor dominant, with distinct symptom presentations.
    • Resting tremor is a common initial symptom, characterized by a slow, unilateral tremor that disappears with purposeful movement (Hickey & Strayer, 2020).
    • Muscle rigidity in PD is characterized by resistance to passive limb movement and may cause lead-pipe or cogwheel movements (Hickey & Strayer, 2020).
    • Bradykinesia, referring to the overall slowing of active movement, is a common feature of PD (Bronner & Korczyn, 2017).
    • Postural instability in PD leads to gait problems, propulsive gait, and an increased risk of falls (Hickey & Strayer, 2020).
    • PD often produces autonomic symptoms, such as excessive sweating, drooling, flushing, hypotension, and urinary retention (Bronner & Korczyn, 2017).
    • Psychiatric changes in PD include depression, anxiety, dementia, hallucinations, and psychosis (AANN, 2019).
    • Complications associated with PD include respiratory and urinary tract infections, skin breakdown, and medication side effects like dyskinesia and orthostatic hypotension.
    • More than 80% of PD patients with a 20-year disease duration experience dementia, contributing to a decline in higher brain functioning and basic activities of daily living (Gale, Acar, & Daffner, 2018).

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    Parkinson's Disease PDF

    Description

    Test your understanding of Parkinson's Disease pathophysiology with this quiz. Explore the role of dopamine, substantia nigra, basal ganglia, and neuronal pathways in the development of PD.

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