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Questions and Answers
What are seizures that involve both hemispheres at the outset termed?
What are seizures that involve both hemispheres at the outset termed?
- Complex seizures
- Generalized seizures (correct)
- Focal seizures
- Partial seizures
What is the primary reason that prolonged seizure activity predisposes to ischemic brain damage?
What is the primary reason that prolonged seizure activity predisposes to ischemic brain damage?
- Cardiovascular regulation is impaired
- Neurons are unable to transport glucose
- The brainstem is depressed
- The lack of airway maintenance can lead to hypoxia (correct)
What is the dementia of Alzheimer disease associated with?
What is the dementia of Alzheimer disease associated with?
- Degeneration of basal ganglia
- Deposition of tau protein in the brain
- Deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain (correct)
- Degeneration of the cerebellum
Which condition is characterized by ascending weakness that usually begins in the legs?
Which condition is characterized by ascending weakness that usually begins in the legs?
What is the characteristic symptom of autonomic dysreflexia?
What is the characteristic symptom of autonomic dysreflexia?
What is the primary symptom of Bell palsy?
What is the primary symptom of Bell palsy?
What are the early symptoms of muscle twitching, cramping, and stiffness characteristic of?
What are the early symptoms of muscle twitching, cramping, and stiffness characteristic of?
What is not characteristic of spinal shock?
What is not characteristic of spinal shock?
What is a progressive degenerative disease affecting both the upper and lower motor neurons?
What is a progressive degenerative disease affecting both the upper and lower motor neurons?
Which condition is not characteristic of myasthenia gravis?
Which condition is not characteristic of myasthenia gravis?
What is the stage of spinal shock characterized by?
What is the stage of spinal shock characterized by?
What is not related to Bell palsy?
What is not related to Bell palsy?
What is not characteristic of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
What is not characteristic of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
What is the characteristic pathology in Alzheimer's disease?
What is the characteristic pathology in Alzheimer's disease?
What is the primary cause of Parkinson's disease?
What is the primary cause of Parkinson's disease?
What is the classic manifestation of Parkinson's disease?
What is the classic manifestation of Parkinson's disease?
How do demyelinating disorders like multiple sclerosis affect nerve impulses?
How do demyelinating disorders like multiple sclerosis affect nerve impulses?
What is the primary treatment goal of using steroids in managing acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis symptoms?
What is the primary treatment goal of using steroids in managing acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis symptoms?
Which condition is characterized by ascending paralysis with no loss of sensation?
Which condition is characterized by ascending paralysis with no loss of sensation?
What is the characteristic feature associated with upper extremity weakness and degeneration of CNS neurons?
What is the characteristic feature associated with upper extremity weakness and degeneration of CNS neurons?
What is the primary pharmacological approach in managing Parkinson's disease?
What is the primary pharmacological approach in managing Parkinson's disease?
What must be ruled out before diagnosing Alzheimer's disease?
What must be ruled out before diagnosing Alzheimer's disease?
What is the characteristic feature of multiple sclerosis?
What is the characteristic feature of multiple sclerosis?
What type of seizure usually occurs in children and is characterized by brief staring spells?
What type of seizure usually occurs in children and is characterized by brief staring spells?
The initial treatment of an individual experiencing a seizure is concentrated on
The initial treatment of an individual experiencing a seizure is concentrated on
What is a form of spina bifida in which a saclike cyst filled with CSF protrudes through the spinal defect but does not involve the spinal cord?
What is a form of spina bifida in which a saclike cyst filled with CSF protrudes through the spinal defect but does not involve the spinal cord?
What is the initial treatment concentrated on for an individual experiencing a seizure?
What is the initial treatment concentrated on for an individual experiencing a seizure?
What type of seizure usually occurs in children and is characterized by brief staring spells?
What type of seizure usually occurs in children and is characterized by brief staring spells?
Which condition is characterized by ascending paralysis with no loss of sensation?
Which condition is characterized by ascending paralysis with no loss of sensation?
What is a form of spina bifida in which a saclike cyst filled with CSF protrudes through the spinal defect but does not involve the spinal cord?
What is a form of spina bifida in which a saclike cyst filled with CSF protrudes through the spinal defect but does not involve the spinal cord?
What is the characteristic feature associated with upper extremity weakness and degeneration of CNS neurons?
What is the characteristic feature associated with upper extremity weakness and degeneration of CNS neurons?
What is the primary cause of Parkinson's disease?
What is the primary cause of Parkinson's disease?
What is not related to Bell palsy?
What is not related to Bell palsy?
What are seizures that involve both hemispheres at the outset termed?
What are seizures that involve both hemispheres at the outset termed?
What is the stage of spinal shock characterized by?
What is the stage of spinal shock characterized by?
What is the characteristic feature of multiple sclerosis?
What is the characteristic feature of multiple sclerosis?
What is the primary symptom of Bell palsy?
What is the primary symptom of Bell palsy?
What is the primary treatment goal of using steroids in managing acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis symptoms?
What is the primary treatment goal of using steroids in managing acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis symptoms?
What is the primary cause of Parkinson's disease?
What is the primary cause of Parkinson's disease?
What is the characteristic feature of multiple sclerosis?
What is the characteristic feature of multiple sclerosis?
What is the primary symptom of Bell palsy?
What is the primary symptom of Bell palsy?
What must be ruled out before diagnosing Alzheimer's disease?
What must be ruled out before diagnosing Alzheimer's disease?
What is the characteristic feature associated with upper extremity weakness and degeneration of CNS neurons?
What is the characteristic feature associated with upper extremity weakness and degeneration of CNS neurons?
What is the stage of spinal shock characterized by?
What is the stage of spinal shock characterized by?
What is not related to Bell palsy?
What is not related to Bell palsy?
What is the primary treatment goal of using steroids in managing acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis symptoms?
What is the primary treatment goal of using steroids in managing acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis symptoms?
What is the characteristic pathology in Alzheimer's disease?
What is the characteristic pathology in Alzheimer's disease?
What is a form of spina bifida in which a saclike cyst filled with CSF protrudes through the spinal defect but does not involve the spinal cord?
What is a form of spina bifida in which a saclike cyst filled with CSF protrudes through the spinal defect but does not involve the spinal cord?
What is the characteristic feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
What is the characteristic feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
What is the primary symptom of spina bifida occulta?
What is the primary symptom of spina bifida occulta?
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Study Notes
Neurological Disorders and Pathophysiology Summary
- Alzheimer's disease is characterized by neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques in the brain, not basal ganglia degeneration or aluminum deposits.
- Before diagnosing Alzheimer's, other potential causes of dementia must be ruled out, and a brain biopsy is not necessary.
- Parkinson's disease is caused by a deficiency of dopamine in the substantia nigra, not demyelination or insufficient acetylcholine production.
- Dopamine precursors and anticholinergics are used in Parkinson's disease to increase dopamine activity in the basal ganglia, not to induce neuron regeneration or prevent progression.
- Classic manifestations of Parkinson's disease include rest tremor and skeletal muscle rigidity, not intention tremor and akinesia.
- Demyelinating disorders like multiple sclerosis slow down the conduction of nerve impulses, rather than facilitating or increasing the rate of conduction.
- Steroids are used to manage acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis symptoms by reducing edema and the inflammatory response, not inhibiting viral damage or reversing disease progression.
- Upper extremity weakness associated with degeneration of CNS neurons is characteristic of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, not multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, or myasthenia gravis.
- Ascending paralysis with no loss of sensation is characteristic of Guillain-Barré syndrome, not multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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