T2 L7: Parkinson’s disease and drug therapy of basal ganglia disorders (JG)
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Questions and Answers

Which movement disorder is characterized by high amplitude flailing of the limbs on one side of the body?

  • Tics
  • Hyperkinesis
  • Ballismus (correct)
  • Chorea

    • What is the pathophysiology of hemiballismus?

  • Direct pathway
  • Excitatory cortex pathway
  • Inhibitory striatum pathway
  • Indirect pathway (correct)

    • What is the most common cause of hemiballismus?

  • Chorea
  • Parkinson's disease
  • Stroke (correct)
  • Tourette's syndrome

    • Which movement disorder is characterized by brief repetitive stereotyped movements with a premonitory urge?

    <p>Tics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tic disorder is characterized by motor disorder and rare coprolalia (swearing)?

    <p>Plus tic disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can reduce tic disorders?

    <p>Distraction and concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement disorder is characterized by disturbance of coordination?

    <p>Ataxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Slowness of movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary neurodegenerative condition that affects dopaminergic cells of the substantia nigra?

    <p>Parkinson's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a treatment option for Tardive dyskinesia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main histopathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Lewy bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is reduced in the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO-I) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Prevent breakdown of dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gold standard treatment for Parkinson's disease?

    <p>L-dopa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common co-morbid condition associated with Tourette syndrome?

    <p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is primarily affected in Tourette syndrome?

    <p>Basal ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic inheritance pattern of Huntington's disease?

    <p>Autosomal dominant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main neurotransmitter imbalance thought to contribute to the development of dystonia?

    <p>GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following movement disorders is characterized by involuntary, rhythmic, sinusoidal alternating movements?

    <p>Tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed theory for the pathophysiology of essential tremor?

    <p>Increased activity in the cerebellothalamocortical circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of drugs are commonly used to treat hyperkinetic movement disorders like tics, chorea, and ballismus?

    <p>Antipsychotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a pros of using COMT inhibitors with L-dopa?

    <p>Increases duration of action of L-dopa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cons of using COMT inhibitors with L-dopa?

    <p>Makes dyskinesia worse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical effect of Entacapone, a COMT inhibitor?

    <p>Extends effect of L-dopa by 30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical effect of Duodopa, a duodenal L-dopa infusion, for advanced Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Improves motor fluctuations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of dopamine agonists over L-dopa?

    <p>They bypass degenerating nigrostriatal neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of Apomorphine, a dopamine agonist given by subcutaneous infusion?

    <p>Skin nodules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the favored target for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Subthalamic nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of deep brain stimulation on disease progression in Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Has no effect on disease progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the future potential treatments for Parkinson's disease mentioned in the text?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement disorder is characterized by a tri nucleotide repeat on chromosome four?

    <p>Huntington's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of inheritance for Huntington's disease?

    <p>Autosomal dominant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement disorder is characterized by abnormal twisting postures, often axial?

    <p>Dystonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement disorder is characterized by involuntary, rhythmic, sinusoidal alternating movements?

    <p>Hemiballismus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for hyperkinetic movement disorders?

    <p>Blocking dopamine receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism behind tardive dyskinesia?

    <p>Upregulation of dopamine receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which non-motor symptom is commonly associated with Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Sleep disturbance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key symptom required for a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Bradykinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement disorder is characterized by high amplitude flailing of the limbs on one side of the body?

    <p>Ballismus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of dopamine in treating Parkinson's disease?

    <p>To restore dopamine balance in the basal ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main neurotransmitter imbalance thought to contribute to the development of dystonia?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed theory for the pathophysiology of essential tremor?

    <p>Dopamine imbalance in the basal ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement disorder is the focus of this lecture?

    <p>Parkinson's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the basal ganglia in movement disorders?

    <p>Both facilitating and inhibiting movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is primarily affected in Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Substantia nigra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the other two lectures in this series about?

    <p>Anatomy of the cerebellum and biological motor control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of abnormal postures in dystonia?

    <p>Abnormal activity in the motor cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is primarily affected in Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Basal ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of essential tremor?

    <p>GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common movement disorder encountered in the gerontology clinic?

    <p>Essential tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement disorder is characterized by jerky, irregular contractions that appear fidgety and faceless?

    <p>Tardive dyskinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common feature among all movement disorders that involve the basal ganglia?

    <p>Cortical input going through the striatum, pallidum, thalamus, and back to the cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary neurotransmitter imbalance thought to contribute to the development of dystonia?

    <p>GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of dopamine agonists over L-dopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Lower risk of dyskinesias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of Parkinsonism?

    <p>Lewy bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary neurotransmitter imbalance in Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of misfolded proteins on cellular processes?

    <p>Disrupt normal cellular processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main histopathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Lewy bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe Parkinson-like symptoms that are not idiopathic Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Parkinsonism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of Parkinsonism?

    <p>Idiopathic Parkinson's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

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