27 Questions
What is the primary function of dopamine receptor agonists and COMT inhibitors in treating Parkinson's disease?
Correct neurotransmitter imbalance and inhibit levodopa metabolism
What effect can antiparkinsonian medications have on striatal dopaminergic activity?
Increase
What is a potential effect of scopolamine?
Relaxation, sleep, and relief from motion sickness
What is the primary function of tiotropium bromide in the treatment of bronchospasm associated with COPD?
Inhibits M3 receptors in smooth muscle, resulting in bronchodilation
What is the advantage of Inbrija over levodopa?
Inbrija provides more consistent control of parkinsonism
Which drug requires periodic measurement of liver enzymes and red blood cell counts?
Entacapone
Which drug is a reversible and selective inhibitor of COMT, altering the pharmacokinetics of levodopa?
Stalevo
Which drug is used to slow the progression of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease?
Memantine
What is the primary route of excretion for Pramipexole?
Urine
Which drug is an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist used to slow the progression of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease?
Memantine
What are the adverse reactions of Inbrija?
Cough, low blood pressure, chest discomfort
Which drug requires using barrier contraceptives, avoiding breastfeeding, and using caution when operating machinery?
Tolcapone
Which drug requires caution and may require a dose reduction in patients with renal impairment?
Stalevo
Which drug is an antidote for physostigmine overdose?
Atropine sulfate
Which drug belongs to the same class as atropine?
Homatropine hydrobromide
Which drug increases the effect of atropine?
Antihistamines
Which medication is used for adjunctive therapy of all forms of parkinsonism and to control extrapyramidal disorders such as tardive dyskinesia?
Benztropine mesylate
Which medication is used to treat idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and related conditions, and to reduce symptoms of restless legs syndrome?
Levodopa–Carbidopa
Which medication is administered for 'off time' episodes of Parkinson's disease, with subcutaneous administration and incremental doses?
Apomorphine hydrochloride
Which medication is used as an adjunct therapy with levodopa to reduce 'off time' when movements are poorly controlled?
Rasagiline
Which medication helps normalize cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission, reducing rigidity, akinesia, and tremor?
Benztropine mesylate
Which medication affects the metabolism of levodopa by inhibiting peripheral plasma breakdown?
Carbidopa
Which medication can increase the risk of hypertensive crisis when taken with levodopa-carbidopa?
Amantadine hydrochloride
Which medication increases dopamine release in the nigrostriatal pathway of patients with Parkinson's disease?
Amantadine hydrochloride
Which medication is contraindicated in patients with glaucoma, GI obstruction, prostatic hypertrophy, urinary bladder neck obstruction, and myasthenia gravis?
Benztropine mesylate
Which medication's adverse effects include CNS effects like disorientation, confusion, and peripheral anticholinergic effects like tachycardia and blurred vision?
Benztropine mesylate
Which medication's therapeutic effects include improvement in mobility, balance, posture, gait, speech, handwriting, and self-care ability?
Levodopa–Carbidopa
Study Notes
Parkinson's Disease Medications Overview
- Benztropine mesylate helps normalize cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission, reducing rigidity, akinesia, and tremor
- It is used for adjunctive therapy of all forms of parkinsonism and to control extrapyramidal disorders such as tardive dyskinesia
- Adverse effects include CNS effects like disorientation, confusion, and peripheral anticholinergic effects like tachycardia and blurred vision
- Contraindications include glaucoma, GI obstruction, prostatic hypertrophy, urinary bladder neck obstruction, and myasthenia gravis
- Levodopa–Carbidopa is used to treat idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and related conditions, and to reduce symptoms of restless legs syndrome
- Therapeutic effects include improvement in mobility, balance, posture, gait, speech, handwriting, and self-care ability
- Adverse effects include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and orthostatic hypotension
- Carbidopa affects the metabolism of levodopa by inhibiting peripheral plasma breakdown
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors can increase the risk of hypertensive crisis when taken with levodopa-carbidopa
- Amantadine hydrochloride increases dopamine release in the nigrostriatal pathway of patients with Parkinson's disease
- Apomorphine hydrochloride is administered for 'off time' episodes of Parkinson's disease, with subcutaneous administration and incremental doses
- Rasagiline is used as an adjunct therapy with levodopa to reduce 'off time' when movements are poorly controlled
Test your knowledge of Parkinson's disease medications with this quiz. Explore the uses, therapeutic effects, adverse effects, and contraindications of medications like Benztropine mesylate, Levodopa–Carbidopa, Amantadine hydrochloride, Apomorphine hydrochloride, and Rasagiline.
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