40 Questions
What is the advantage of Inbrija compared to levodopa?
It provides more consistent control of parkinsonism
Which drug is used to slow the progression of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease?
Memantine
What is the primary excretion route for Pramipexole?
Kidneys
Which drug requires periodic measurement of liver enzymes and red blood cell counts?
Entacapone
What is a contraindication for the use of Atropine sulfate?
Asthma
Which drug is a reversible and selective inhibitor of COMT?
Entacapone
Which drug requires caution and may require a dose reduction in patients with renal impairment?
Stalevo
What is the antidote for physostigmine overdose?
Atropine
Which drug is metabolized in the liver to an inactive metabolite?
Entacapone
What adverse effect may develop in patients taking Stalevo?
Excess salivation
Which medication is used for the daily maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with COPD?
Tiotropium bromide
What can help reduce fever in anticholinergic toxicity?
Cooling blankets
Which medication is used to correct neurotransmitter imbalance and inhibit levodopa metabolism in the periphery in Parkinson's disease?
COMT inhibitors
What are the effects of scopolamine?
Relaxation, sleep, and relief from motion sickness
How do antiparkinsonian medications act?
By increasing striatal dopaminergic activity
What is the primary indication for tiotropium bromide?
Maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with COPD
What can indicate severe anticholinergic toxicity?
Changes in heart rate and urinary retention
Why are elderly people and children prone to hyperpyrexia with anticholinergic drugs?
Due to suppression of perspiration and heat loss
What is the primary function of COMT inhibitors in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?
Inhibit levodopa metabolism in the periphery
What is the primary route of administration for Tiotropium HandiHaler?
Oral inhalation
Which medication is used for 'off time' episodes of Parkinson's disease with subcutaneous administration and incremental doses?
Rasagiline
Which medication is associated with potential CNS toxicity resulting in serotonin syndrome?
Rasagiline
Which medication is used to treat idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and related conditions with therapeutic effects including improvement in mobility, balance, posture, gait, speech, handwriting, and self-care ability?
Levodopa-Carbidopa
Which medication is a dopamine agonist used as an antiparkinson agent and may be associated with decreases in blood pressure and an increased risk of falls?
Ropinirole
Which medication helps normalize cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission in the basal ganglia, reducing rigidity, akinesia, and tremor, and is used for adjunctive therapy of all forms of parkinsonism and to control extrapyramidal disorders such as tardive dyskinesia?
Benztropine mesylate
Which medication is a monoamine type B inhibitor used for Parkinson's disease and has an impact on the dopamine system?
Safinamide
Which medication is used as an antiparkinson and antiviral agent that increases dopamine release in the nigrostriatal pathway and may have adverse effects including swelling of fingers or ankles, difficulty walking, and urinary retention?
Amantadine hydrochloride
Which medication is associated with hepatic failure causing drug accumulation and increased adverse effects?
Tolcapone
Which medication inhibits the metabolism of dopamine by MAO and is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?
Selegiline
Which medication is associated with improved gait and mobility, diminished tremors, and rigidity, as well as adverse effects like disorientation and confusion, light-headedness, and orthostatic hypotension?
Tolcapone
Which medication is used for adjunctive therapy of all forms of parkinsonism and to control extrapyramidal disorders such as tardive dyskinesia?
Benztropine mesylate
Which medication has therapeutic effects including improvement in mobility, balance, posture, gait, speech, handwriting, and self-care ability?
Levodopa-Carbidopa
Which medication is associated with anorexia, nausea, vomiting, orthostatic hypotension, and dyskinesia as adverse effects?
Levodopa-Carbidopa
Which medication is administered for 'off time' episodes of Parkinson's disease, with subcutaneous administration and incremental doses, to assist in diminishing hypomobility symptoms during 'off time' episodes?
Apomorphine hydrochloride
Which medication is used as an adjunct therapy with levodopa to reduce 'off time' when movements are poorly controlled, and its use is associated with potential CNS toxicity resulting in serotonin syndrome?
Rasagiline
Which medication is a dopamine agonist used as an antiparkinson agent, and its use may be associated with decreases in blood pressure and an increased risk of falls?
Rotigotine
Which medication is a monoamine type B inhibitor used for Parkinson's disease, and it has an impact on the dopamine system?
Safinamide
Which medication affects the metabolism of levodopa by inhibiting peripheral plasma breakdown, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors can increase the risk of hypertensive crisis when taken with it?
Carbidopa
Which medication inhibits the metabolism of dopamine by MAO and is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?
Selegiline
Which medication is associated with therapeutic effects including improved gait and mobility, diminished tremors, and rigidity, as well as adverse effects like disorientation and confusion, light-headedness, and orthostatic hypotension?
Tolcapone
Study Notes
Parkinson's Disease Medications Overview
- Benztropine mesylate helps normalize cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission in the basal ganglia, reducing rigidity, akinesia, and tremor, and is used for adjunctive therapy of all forms of parkinsonism and to control extrapyramidal disorders such as tardive dyskinesia.
- Levodopa-Carbidopa is used to treat idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and related conditions, and its therapeutic effects include improvement in mobility, balance, posture, gait, speech, handwriting, and self-care ability.
- Levodopa-Carbidopa's adverse effects include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, orthostatic hypotension, and dyskinesia, and it may lose its effectiveness after 2 to 5 years, requiring dosage adjustments.
- Carbidopa affects the metabolism of levodopa by inhibiting peripheral plasma breakdown, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors can increase the risk of hypertensive crisis when taken with levodopa-carbidopa.
- Amantadine hydrochloride is an antiparkinson and antiviral agent that increases dopamine release in the nigrostriatal pathway, and its adverse effects may include swelling of fingers or ankles, difficulty walking, and urinary retention.
- Apomorphine hydrochloride is administered for 'off time' episodes of Parkinson's disease, with subcutaneous administration and incremental doses, to assist in diminishing hypomobility symptoms during 'off time' episodes.
- Rasagiline, with a half-life of 8 to 12 hours, is used as an adjunct therapy with levodopa to reduce 'off time' when movements are poorly controlled, and its use is associated with potential CNS toxicity resulting in serotonin syndrome.
- Ropinirole is well absorbed, metabolized in the liver, and excreted through the kidneys, and its use may be associated with hepatic failure causing drug accumulation and increased adverse effects.
- Safinamide is a monoamine type B inhibitor used for Parkinson's disease, and it has an impact on the dopamine system.
- Selegiline inhibits the metabolism of dopamine by MAO and is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
- Rotigotine (Neupro) is a dopamine agonist used as an antiparkinson agent, and its use may be associated with decreases in blood pressure and an increased risk of falls.
- Tolcapone is associated with therapeutic effects including improved gait and mobility, diminished tremors, and rigidity, as well as adverse effects like disorientation and confusion, light-headedness, and orthostatic hypotension.
Test your knowledge of Parkinson's disease medications with this informative quiz. Learn about the uses, therapeutic effects, and potential adverse effects of medications such as Levodopa-Carbidopa, Benztropine mesylate, Amantadine hydrochloride, and more.
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