Parkinson's Disease Medications Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of administering levodopa and carbidopa together in a fixed-dose formulation?

  • To prevent renal failure
  • To treat Parkinson’s disease (correct)
  • To activate malignant melanoma
  • To manage anxiety

    • For which patient population have safety and effectiveness not been established for most antiparkinson drugs?

  • Patients with cardiovascular diseases
  • Pediatric patients (correct)
  • Pregnant patients
  • Elderly patients

    • When using levodopa–carbidopa, what adjustments are required for patients with renal failure?

  • No adjustments needed
  • Route of administration adjustments
  • Frequency adjustments
  • Dosage adjustments (correct)

    • In which patient population should levodopa be used cautiously with possible dosage reduction?

    <p>Patients with hepatic impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect of levodopa according to the text?

    <p>Headache and anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication to the use of levodopa–carbidopa?

    <p>Known hypersensitivity to the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of Inbrija over levodopa?

    <p>Inbrija provides more consistent control of parkinsonism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the adverse reactions to Inbrija?

    <p>Cough, low blood pressure, chest discomfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine?

    <p>Pramipexole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily dose of Inbrija?

    <p>84 mg up to five times daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Rasagiline when used as an adjunct therapy with levodopa?

    <p>To reduce 'off time' when movements are poorly controlled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Rotigotine (Neupro)?

    <p>As an antiparkinson agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication interaction can increase the risk of hypertensive crisis in patients taking levodopa-carbidopa?

    <p>Monoamine oxidase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended guideline for administering levodopa-carbidopa to reduce nausea?

    <p>Giving the medication with or just after food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapeutic effects are associated with levodopa and other dopaminergic agents in Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Improvement in mobility, balance, posture, and speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of levodopa-carbidopa therapy that may dissipate after starting therapy?

    <p>Dyskinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is an antiparkinson and antiviral agent that increases dopamine release in the nigrostriatal pathway of patients with Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Amantadine hydrochloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is administered for 'off time' episodes of Parkinson's disease, with subcutaneous administration and incremental doses?

    <p>Apomorphine hydrochloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Increasing striatal dopaminergic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly added to levodopa to prevent its metabolism before reaching the brain?

    <p>Carbidopa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic response to levodopa therapy after 5 to 10 years of treatment?

    <p>Development of dyskinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon in which sudden periods of near immobility are followed by a sudden return of effectiveness of the medication?

    <p>On–off syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective agent and mainstay of treatment for Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Levodopa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for adding carbidopa to levodopa?

    <p>To prevent metabolism of levodopa before reaching the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of carbidopa when administered with levodopa?

    <p>Inhibits peripheral metabolism of levodopa and reduces adverse effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective drug for the symptomatic treatment of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease?

    <p>Levodopa–carbidopa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using dopamine receptor agonists and COMT inhibitors in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Correct neurotransmitter imbalance and inhibit levodopa metabolism in the periphery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main adverse effect associated with levodopa-containing drugs?

    <p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used to slow the progression of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease and has shown to improve patient-reported outcomes and health-related quality of life in Parkinson's patients with dementia?

    <p>Memantine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of levodopa–carbidopa?

    <p>Treating idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and managing akinetic symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of action of antiparkinsonian medications?

    <p>Increasing striatal dopaminergic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is described as the most effective and the mainstay of treatment for Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Levodopa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of carbidopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>It is added to levodopa to avoid its metabolism before reaching the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the response to levodopa therapy in most patients within 5 to 10 years?

    <p>Development of dyskinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the on–off syndrome experienced by patients on levodopa therapy?

    <p>Sudden periods of near immobility followed by a sudden return of effectiveness of the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the adverse effects and benefits of levodopa therapy described to change over time?

    <p>Benefits begin to wane and adverse effects become more severe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used to slow the progression of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease and has shown to improve patient-reported outcomes and health-related quality of life in Parkinson's patients with dementia?

    <p>Memantine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective drug for the symptomatic treatment of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, particularly for managing akinetic symptoms?

    <p>Levodopa–carbidopa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is administered with levodopa to decrease peripheral metabolism and reduce adverse effects, allowing for a 70% reduction in levodopa dosage?

    <p>Carbidopa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes paresthesias in the muscles, particularly in the calf and thighs, leading to the urge to move, which can result in insomnia and mental distress?

    <p>Restless legs syndrome (RLS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drug is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease to correct neurotransmitter imbalance and inhibit levodopa metabolism in the periphery?

    <p>Dopamine receptor agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is well absorbed from the small intestine, reaches peak serum levels within 30 to 90 minutes, and has a short serum half-life of 1–3 hours?

    <p>Levodopa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Parkinson's Disease and Drug Therapy Overview

    • Levodopa-containing drugs are associated with potential adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, appetite loss, decreased blood pressure, dystonia, dyskinesia, and confusion.
    • Current practice aims to delay the use of levodopa-containing drugs for as long as possible and utilize other drugs for symptom control in the interim.
    • Memantine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, is used to slow the progression of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease and has shown to improve patient-reported outcomes and health-related quality of life in Parkinson's patients with dementia.
    • Dopamine receptor agonists and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors are used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease to correct neurotransmitter imbalance and inhibit levodopa metabolism in the periphery.
    • Levodopa–carbidopa is the most effective drug for the symptomatic treatment of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, particularly for managing akinetic symptoms.
    • Levodopa is metabolized extensively by aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) and to a lesser extent by COMT, requiring large doses to achieve therapeutic levels in the brain.
    • Carbidopa, an AADC inhibitor, is administered with levodopa to decrease peripheral metabolism and reduce adverse effects, allowing for a 70% reduction in levodopa dosage.
    • Levodopa is well absorbed from the small intestine, reaches peak serum levels within 30 to 90 minutes, and has a short serum half-life of 1–3 hours.
    • Dopaminergic drugs increase dopamine in the brain, with levodopa converting to dopamine after crossing the blood–brain barrier, relieving symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
    • Levodopa–carbidopa is used to treat idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, postencephalitic and arteriosclerotic parkinsonism, parkinsonism related to carbon dioxide and manganese intoxication, and to reduce symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS).
    • RLS, also known as Ekbom’s syndrome, causes paresthesias in the muscles, particularly in the calf and thighs, leading to the urge to move, which can result in insomnia and mental distress.
    • The text provides a summary of select medications used in Parkinson's disease, including dopamine receptor agonists and COMT inhibitors, to correct neurotransmitter imbalance and inhibit levodopa metabolism in the periphery.

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    Pharmacologic Therapy PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of Parkinson's disease medications and patient care with this quiz. Explore topics such as levodopa-carbidopa interactions, administration guidelines, therapeutic effects, adverse effects, and patient teaching guidelines. Dive into the overview of drug therapy, including potential adverse effects, current practices, and select medications used in Parkinson's disease treatment.

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