dh 352 final

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Questions and Answers

What symptom is commonly associated with Parkinson's disease that can affect self-care?

Improved coordination

Tremors and postural instability (correct)

Increased muscle strength

Enhanced balance

Which strategy is essential for managing patients with Cerebral Palsy during dental care?

Forgetting written instructions for caregivers

Ignoring reflex responses when positioning the patient

Using standard dental handpieces

Assessing the level of dexterity to create a self-care plan (correct)

What is a significant characteristic of Multiple Sclerosis as mentioned in the content?

It is mostly diagnosed in young adulthood. (correct)

It has a rapid onset within a few days.

It affects people primarily over the age of 65.

It is contagious and easily transmitted.

What management approach is recommended for patients with Multiple Sclerosis during dental visits?

Frequent, short morning appointments Signup and view all the answers

Which oral health intervention might be necessary for patients with Cerebral Palsy?

Monitoring rinsing with fluoride or chlorhexidine Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Multiple Sclerosis patients report experiencing fatigue?

90% Signup and view all the answers

Which factor should not trigger abnormal muscle responses in patients with Cerebral Palsy during dental treatment?

Adjusting the dental chair without warning Signup and view all the answers

The global prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis affects how many people approximately?

2.3 million Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cardinal manifestation of Parkinson's Disease?

Akinesia Signup and view all the answers

What management strategy can be beneficial for patients with cerebral palsy?

Physical therapy to improve mobility Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with late stages of Parkinson's Disease?

Dysphagia Signup and view all the answers

In coordinating care for neurological patients, which aspect should be prioritized for Parkinson's Disease?

Continuous medication adjustments Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is crucial in maintaining oral health for patients with neurological disorders?

Monitoring for xerostomia due to medications Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical presentation of 'masked face' in Parkinson's Disease?

Lack of facial expression and animation Signup and view all the answers

What is a common oral health implication of Parkinson's Disease?

Collection of food/saliva leading to choking Signup and view all the answers

How does multiple sclerosis typically affect patients' daily lives?

Causes varying levels of physical disability Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly associated with young-onset Alzheimer's disease?

Diminished energy and enthusiasm Signup and view all the answers

What dental care is recommended for patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders to manage their high risk for caries?

Preventive dental sealants Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding Down syndrome patients and dental care?

They may have congenital heart disease requiring antibiotic prophylaxis. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when managing a seizure in a dental office setting?

Frequency and date of the last seizure Signup and view all the answers

What is a common oral health implication seen in patients with neurological disorders?

Increased risk of oral infections Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy may be effective in managing care for patients with cerebral palsy in a dental setting?

Using multiple short visits for familiarization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is accurate about medications affecting oral health in patients with autism spectrum disorders?

They can contribute to xerostomia. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Alzheimer's patients are estimated to develop young-onset Alzheimer's?

5% to 6% Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Parkinson’s Disease

Cardinal signs are rigidity, akinesia, and tremor.
Akinesia or bradykinesia (slow movement) causes expressionless face, infrequent blinking, and posture and gait disturbances
“Masked face” is a lack of facial expression and animation.
In later stages muscles used for swallowing may work less efficiently resulting in dysphagia (impaired swallowing)
Food and saliva can collect in the mouth and back of the throat causing choking and drooling
Medications can cause xerostomia (refer to xerostomia therapy protocol Box 62.3 p.970 Darby)
Burning mouth syndrome is a pulsing and burning pain of the anterior tongue, hard palate, lips, and alveolar ridge.

Down Syndrome

Chromosomal abnormality occurring in 1 out of every 700 births
Small head and eyes with an upward slant and prominent epicanthic folds (folds of skin from the root of the nose to the median end of the eyebrow)
Often congenital heart disease - may need prophylactic antibiotic premedication for unrepaired congenital heart disease or residual defects
High incidence of periodontal disease.
May have other medical concerns like seizures, autoimmune disorders, and diabetes
Poor oral hygiene
Consider general anesthesia for unmanageable patients.

Autism Spectrum Disorders

High risk for caries - sealants are recommended
Psychotropic medications may cause xerostomia
Difficulty adjusting to new environments and people may need multiple visits to become familiar with the dental office
Use telling-showing-doing to familiarize the patients
Frequent positive reinforcement
Short, clear commands
Encouraged caregivers to be present
Pharmacologic therapies like nitrous-oxide/oxygen sedation or other medications can be used.

Alzheimer’s Disease

Young-onset Alzheimer's is a rare form of dementia affecting people under the age of 65
Initial symptoms include diminished energy and enthusiasm, less interest in previously cherished subjects, emotional instability, and heightened anxiety
Increased tremors and postural instability may lead to difficulty with self-care
Consider the use of ultrasonic cleaners

Cerebral Palsy

Monitor for abnormal muscle responses or reflexes triggered by changing the patients head or neck position in the dental chair
Inform the patient when lowering, raising, or tilting the dental chair to prevent a startled reflex
Assess the patient's dexterity to develop a self-care plan (specially adapted toothbrushes)
Fluoride or chlorohexidine may be recommended - rinsing may need to be monitored.
Written instructions should be given to patients and/or caregivers

Multiple Sclerosis

Worldwide, more than 2.3 million people have diagnosed MS
In the US, a prevalence study estimated nearly 1 million people live with a diagnosis of MS
Appears in young adulthood
Gradual disease process
Increased risk of ischemic stroke
90% of patients experience fatigue
The level of impairment dictates the management of the patient
Recommend short morning appointments

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Description

Test your knowledge on the key signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease and Down syndrome. This quiz covers essential aspects including motor functions of Parkinson's, effects on swallowing, and physical characteristics of Down syndrome. Perfect for students in health sciences education.