Parenteral Administration: Needle Structure and Measurement

Study Notes

Uses a TB syringe (1 cc), 26G to 27G needle, and 3½ inch to ½ inch needle length
Injection sites: anterior forearm, middle back, and upper chest
Used for: allergy skin testing, TB skin testing medication (Mantoux/PPD)
Injection angle: 10 to 15 degrees (with bevel facing up)
Goal: formation of a wheal or bleb
Amount given: 0.01 to 0.2 cc

Physicains should expose dishonest, corrupt, incompetent, or unethical colleagues
Physicains in private practice may decline to accept any individual as a patient
Physicains may patent any device that they discover or invent
Both parties are free to enter into, or decline to enter into, the patient-physician relationship
Physicains who are infected with an infectious disease should not engage in any patient contact or activity that may create a risk for the patient
Physicains should not practice under the influence of any controlled substance, alcohol, or chemical agents that impair the ability to render treatment

Involved with privacy, security, and claims issues in the health care system
Standards for privacy of individually identifiable health information
Allows the flow of health information while protecting the privacy of patients
Issues identified by state and federal agencies
Failure to comply with mandates can lead to sanctions and fines
Enacted in 1996
Two provisions: Title I (Insurance Reform) and Title II (Administrative Simplification)
Long-term benefits of HIPAA: lower administrative costs, increased accuracy of data, and increased patient and customer satisfaction

Provision of continuous insurance coverage for workers and their insured family members when the worker changes or loses a job
Limits use of preexisting condition exclusions
Prohibits discrimination for past or present poor health
Guarantees individuals the right to purchase gap health insurance coverage after losing a job
Allows renewal of health insurance coverage regardless of an individual's health condition

Focuses on health care setting
Intended to reduce administrative costs
Accomplished by standardizing the exchange of health care data
Includes provisions to ensure the privacy and security of an individual's health data
Standardization of electronic transmissions to reduce the number of forms and methods used in claims processing
Two parts to provision: development and implementation of standardized electronic transactions using common sets of descriptors (code sets), and implementation of privacy and security procedures to prevent the misuse of health information and ensure confidentiality

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS): establishes and implements standards
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS): enforces insurance portability and code set requirements of HIPAA
Office of Civil Rights (OCR): enforces privacy standards
Covered entity: may be a health plan, health care clearing house, or health care provider
Electronic media: mode of electronic transmission; may include the Internet, extranet, telephone lines, fax modems, or disks or magnetic tape
Transaction: transmission of information between two parties; can include