Parenteral Drug Administration Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following steps is NOT part of the preparation for using a syringe?

Discard the needle and syringe before using them (correct)

Compare the name and concentration of the drug

Collect all required materials

Wash your hands

What does the Luer lock fitting on a syringe allow?

A quick release of the needle

Easy measurement of fluid volume

A secure connection between the syringe and needle (correct)

Automatic disposal of the needle

What does the gauge code of a needle signify?

The length of the needle in millimeters

The color of the needle wrapper

The type of injection fluid used

The width of the needle's lumen (correct)

Which of the following substances is NOT typically found in vials or ampules?

Cotton pads Signup and view all the answers

What should you do immediately after using a needle and syringe?

Dispose of them in a special container Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the syringe has the calibration marks?

Cylinder Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended needle size for sucking up fluid as mentioned?

0.8 x 40 mm Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is crucial in preventing infections during injections?

Maintaining an aseptic procedure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of a safe approach during parenteral administration?

To minimize the risk of infection for the patient. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of injection is administered into muscle tissue?

Intramuscular (i.m.) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor that determines the choice of injection method?

Absorption rate of the drug. Signup and view all the answers

Which action is NOT part of preparing a syringe for drug administration?

Dispensing the drug to an unsterilized surface. Signup and view all the answers

What must be done with the needle after use?

Deposit it in a sharps container. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines parenteral drug administration?

Any non-oral means of administering medication. Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate location for subcutaneous injections?

Connective tissue between skin and muscles. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of injection mentioned?

Intradermal (i.d.) Signup and view all the answers

What factors determine the appropriate length of an injection needle?

The patient's age and condition Signup and view all the answers

What should be done before administering the injection?

Wait until the disinfectant has dried Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in taking fluid from a vial?

Disinfect the rubber stopper. Signup and view all the answers

How should the needle be inserted into the tissue?

With a swift motion at a 90-degree angle Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to suck up an amount of fluid plus 10%?

To accommodate fluid loss during transfer. Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that the needle has hit a vein during the injection process?

Fluid in the syringe is mixed with blood Signup and view all the answers

What should you do with the needle before injecting air into the vial?

Remove the protective cap. Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if you experience severe pain upon needle insertion?

Immediately remove the needle Signup and view all the answers

What protective measure should be taken when breaking a vial?

Position the vial between cotton pads. Signup and view all the answers

What actions should be taken after injecting the fluid into the muscle?

Massage the tissue gently after removing the needle Signup and view all the answers

Which action is crucial after sucking air from a syringe?

Check if air bubbles have moved to the hub. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct position of the fingers while holding the syringe before the injection?

The little finger beside the needle for stability Signup and view all the answers

How should you position the syringe to remove air bubbles effectively?

Vertically, with the needle pointing upwards. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a dry cotton pad before and after the injection?

To prevent blood from oozing at the injection site Signup and view all the answers

What should you do before attaching a new, sterile needle to the syringe?

Remove air from the syringe. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of replacing the protective cap on the needle after expelling air?

To maintain sterility. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done immediately if discolouration of the injection fluid with blood is observed?

Stop the injection and replace the syringe Signup and view all the answers

What is the main indication for administering a subcutaneous injection?

To ensure prolonged release of medication Signup and view all the answers

What technique is employed to limit leakage of injection fluid into subcutaneous tissue?

Z-tract technique Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sites is NOT suitable for subcutaneous injections?

Over a major joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the generally recommended length of a needle for subcutaneous injections in adults?

25 mm Signup and view all the answers

At what angle should the needle be inserted into the skin fold for a subcutaneous injection?

30 degrees Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken immediately after disinfecting the skin before an injection?

Wait until the disinfectant has dried Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to palpate the subcutaneous tissue before performing an injection?

To assess the thickness of the tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of an intramuscular (IM) injection?

To ensure the fluid reaches the bloodstream via diffusion. Signup and view all the answers

Which situation is NOT an indication for an intramuscular drug administration?

Patient undergoing a minor surgical procedure. Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for administering an intramuscular injection?

Bleeding tendency. Signup and view all the answers

How should the needle be positioned when inserting for an intramuscular injection?

Perpendicular to the skin towards the femur. Signup and view all the answers

What must be done to the syringe before performing an intramuscular injection?

Remove air and surplus fluid from the lumen. Signup and view all the answers

Where should the injection site be identified on the musculus gluteus maximus?

Upper outer quadrant of the buttock. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if there is a drop hanging from the needle tip before injection?

Shake off the drop if necessary. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended step before giving an intramuscular injection?

Ask the patient to lie on their back. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Safe Approaches of Parenteral Administration (Injection - I)

Parenteral drug administration involves injecting drugs directly into the body, bypassing skin and mucous membranes. This is a non-oral method.
Injection is a way to administer liquid using a needle and syringe. This method is used in various tissues in daily practice.
The objectives of the training are to raise awareness of safe procedures (patient, doctor, environment)
To gain sufficient knowledge of different injection types and sites
To be able to select correct materials for subcutaneous, intracutaneous/intradermal, and intramuscular injections

Objectives of the Training

Increase awareness of safe injection practices for all involved (patients, medical staff, and the environment).
Cover different types of injections and their corresponding injection sites
Learn how to choose proper materials for administering various types of injections (intracutaneous/intradermal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular).

Safe and Aseptic Manner Procedures

Properly connect and disconnect syringe and needle
Remove and replace needle caps as needed
Open ampoules/vials and draw fluid
Correctly prepare a syringe for drug administration (remove air, connect needle, measure correct amount)
Administer subcutaneous and intramuscular injections on a model
Dispose of needles in sharps containers.

Introduction

Parenteral administration is typically a non-oral injection method.
Common injection sites include skin (intracutaneous), subcutaneous tissue, muscle tissue (intramuscular), and veins (intravenous).

Important Points of Attention for All Injection Methods

Always verify the correct patient.
Maintain aseptic technique to prevent infection.
Dispose of used needles and syringes in appropriate containers after use.
Factors determining the choice of administration method include indication, absorption rate, amount of fluid, and fluid characteristics.

Syringes

Composed of a cylinder with calibration marks, a plunger, and a hub for the needle attachment.
Some syringes have a Luer lock fitting which allows for the screw-on attachment of the needle.

Anatomy of a Syringe

A syringe's key parts are the plunger tip (used to push fluid), the volume markings (measuring the fluid amount), the barrel (the syringe's main body), and the flange(the part connected to the plunger).

Types of Syringes

Different syringe types for different purposes include regular, Luer lock, eccentric, catheter, and Toomey.
Syringes that have permanently attached needles are also available.

Needles

Divided into needle cannula, lumen, and conus.
Standardized by their dimensions (e.g., 0.8 x 40 mm) or gauge (e.g., 14G to 27G).
Some brands use color-coded needles for easier size identification.

Needle Gauges

Needle gauge sizes range from 14 to 27.
Gauge size is directly related to outer diameter (with smaller gauges having wider lumens).

Injection Fluids

Typically packaged in vials or ampoules.
Examples of packaged injection fluids are lidocaine, ProZinc, and others.

Other Required Materials

Materials used in addition to syringes, needles and fluids: alcohol swabs, cotton, bandages, sterile trays, and medical waste containers.

Preparing a Syringe

Essential materials: syringe, needle (0.8 x 40 mm, 18G typically), disinfectant, cotton pads, kidney bowl or vial, injection fluid and a file (if needed).

Method (Step by step)

Preparation: Wash hands, gather materials, verify drug amount, and carefully remove packaging for needle and syringe.
Only touch protective caps and syringe parts.

2A. Taking Fluid from Vials

Clean the rubber stopper around the vial.
Remove the protective cap of the needle
Draw up the required dose of air into the syringe.

2B. Taking Fluid from Ampoules

Break the ampule safely.
Secure the ampule with cotton pads for safety.
Draw up the amount of fluid required from the ampoule (including buffer).

3. Removing Air from a Syringe

Hold the syringe vertically, needle upwards.
Check for and remove air bubbles.
Slowly push the plunger until air is expelled.

Angles for Inserting Injections

Specific angles are used for different injections (Intramuscular - 90°, Subcutaneous - 45°, Intravenous - 25°, Intradermal - 10-15°).

Intramuscular (IM) Injection

Administered into muscles to achieve systemic effect
Indications include unconsciousness, inability to swallow, and gastrointestinal issues.
Contraindications include bleeding disorders, problematic/damaged muscles, and inflammatory reactions

Injection Sites

Specific regions for intramuscular and subcutaneous injections. The gluteus muscle and quadriceps femoris are typical sites.

Injection Needle Length

The length of the needle depends on muscle/subcutaneous tissue thickness and patient factors (condition, age).

Procedure (Step-by-step Instructions)

Detailed steps for administering different types of injections (intramuscular, subcutaneous, etc.) including site selection, material preparation, and disposal.

Complications

Potential issues include severe pain (nerve involvement), discoloration with blood (vessel entry), and fluid leakage

Z-tract technique

A technique used to prevent medication from seeping into subcutaneous tissue during intramuscular injections.
The Z-tract technique is used to limit leakage at the injection site.

Subcutaneous (SC) Injection

Administered into subcutaneous tissue for gradual absorption into the bloodstream.
Suitable injection sites are the upper arms, fronts of thighs, buttock areas, and the abdomen—areas with minimal blood vessels.
A shorter needle with a smaller gauge is often used for subcutaneous injections

Subcutaneous Injection Sites

Injection sites: upper outer arms, abdomen, buttocks, and upper outer thighs are commonly used.

Procedure for Subcutaneous Injection

Detailed steps for subcutaneous injections, from preparation to cleaning/disposal.

References

Standard therapeutic skills injections handbook (MU)
SIM booklet.

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Description

Test your knowledge on parenteral drug administration and syringe preparation with this quiz. The questions cover key concepts such as syringe parts, needle gauges, and safe practices for injection. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals looking to refresh their understanding.