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Questions and Answers
Where do the cell bodies of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons originate?
Where do the cell bodies of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons originate?
Which cranial nerves carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?
Which cranial nerves carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?
What is the primary location of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons?
What is the primary location of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons?
Which nucleus is associated with the oculomotor nerve?
Which nucleus is associated with the oculomotor nerve?
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How are the postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division described?
How are the postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division described?
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Which muscle is NOT influenced by postganglionic fibers from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus?
Which muscle is NOT influenced by postganglionic fibers from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus?
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Which division is referred to as craniosacral?
Which division is referred to as craniosacral?
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Which of the following best describes terminal ganglia?
Which of the following best describes terminal ganglia?
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What is referred pain and how is it typically experienced?
What is referred pain and how is it typically experienced?
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Which spinal nerves are associated with referred pain from the left ventricle of the heart?
Which spinal nerves are associated with referred pain from the left ventricle of the heart?
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Which characteristic is true about the enteric nervous system (ENS)?
Which characteristic is true about the enteric nervous system (ENS)?
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What role does the enteric nervous system play in the body?
What role does the enteric nervous system play in the body?
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What type of neurons are found within the enteric nervous system?
What type of neurons are found within the enteric nervous system?
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Which of the following best describes how the enteric nervous system communicates with the central nervous system?
Which of the following best describes how the enteric nervous system communicates with the central nervous system?
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In which anatomical location does the enteric nervous system primarily function?
In which anatomical location does the enteric nervous system primarily function?
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What type of sensations can visceral pain from the diaphragm lead to?
What type of sensations can visceral pain from the diaphragm lead to?
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Which cranial nerve is associated with the Edinger-Westphal nucleus for parasympathetic output?
Which cranial nerve is associated with the Edinger-Westphal nucleus for parasympathetic output?
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What type of neurons are located in the superior salivatory nucleus?
What type of neurons are located in the superior salivatory nucleus?
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Which ganglion receives preganglionic fibers from the inferior salivatory nucleus?
Which ganglion receives preganglionic fibers from the inferior salivatory nucleus?
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Which salivary gland is innervated by the postganglionic fibers from the inferior salivatory nucleus?
Which salivary gland is innervated by the postganglionic fibers from the inferior salivatory nucleus?
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Which cranial nerve carries parasympathetic fibers from the superior salivatory nucleus to the submandibular ganglion?
Which cranial nerve carries parasympathetic fibers from the superior salivatory nucleus to the submandibular ganglion?
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Which of the following cranial nerves is primarily responsible for parasympathetic output in the thorax and abdomen?
Which of the following cranial nerves is primarily responsible for parasympathetic output in the thorax and abdomen?
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What specific type of fibers travel with CN VII to the pterygopalatine ganglion?
What specific type of fibers travel with CN VII to the pterygopalatine ganglion?
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What is the role of the nucleus ambiguus in the parasympathetic system?
What is the role of the nucleus ambiguus in the parasympathetic system?
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What is the primary function of the myenteric plexus?
What is the primary function of the myenteric plexus?
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Where is the submucosal plexus located in relation to the muscularis mucosae?
Where is the submucosal plexus located in relation to the muscularis mucosae?
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Which type of nerve innervates both the myenteric and submucosal plexuses?
Which type of nerve innervates both the myenteric and submucosal plexuses?
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What occurs in the enteric nervous system without extrinsic input?
What occurs in the enteric nervous system without extrinsic input?
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What is the role of the submucosal plexus in the gastrointestinal system?
What is the role of the submucosal plexus in the gastrointestinal system?
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What is true regarding the enteric nervous system's ability to function independently?
What is true regarding the enteric nervous system's ability to function independently?
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How does the ENS relate to the sympathetic nervous system?
How does the ENS relate to the sympathetic nervous system?
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What structural features differentiate the myenteric plexus from the submucosal plexus?
What structural features differentiate the myenteric plexus from the submucosal plexus?
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Which of the following factors are visceral nociceptive fibers sensitive to?
Which of the following factors are visceral nociceptive fibers sensitive to?
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Where are the cell bodies of visceral afferent fibers primarily located?
Where are the cell bodies of visceral afferent fibers primarily located?
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What is the primary role of the vagus nerve concerning visceral afferents?
What is the primary role of the vagus nerve concerning visceral afferents?
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What type of fibers travel primarily with sympathetic nerves?
What type of fibers travel primarily with sympathetic nerves?
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Which statement about vagal afferents is true?
Which statement about vagal afferents is true?
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How is visceral pain input organized in the central nervous system?
How is visceral pain input organized in the central nervous system?
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What characteristic is true of most visceral afferent fibers?
What characteristic is true of most visceral afferent fibers?
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What sensory functions are carried by vagal afferents?
What sensory functions are carried by vagal afferents?
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Where are the cell bodies of vagal preganglionic parasympathetic neurons located?
Where are the cell bodies of vagal preganglionic parasympathetic neurons located?
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What is one of the effects of electrical stimulation of the nucleus ambiguus?
What is one of the effects of electrical stimulation of the nucleus ambiguus?
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What do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerve join?
What do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerve join?
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Where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in the sacral spinal cord located?
Where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in the sacral spinal cord located?
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What structures do the axons of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in the sacral spinal cord travel with?
What structures do the axons of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in the sacral spinal cord travel with?
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What is one major role of the afferent limb in the visceral control system?
What is one major role of the afferent limb in the visceral control system?
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What initiates the secretion of gastric acid, insulin, and glucagon in the visceral control system?
What initiates the secretion of gastric acid, insulin, and glucagon in the visceral control system?
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Which organs receive parasympathetic innervation from the sacral nerves?
Which organs receive parasympathetic innervation from the sacral nerves?
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Study Notes
Parasympathetic Preganglionic Neurons
- Cell bodies located in the medulla, pons, midbrain, and S2-S4 spinal cord levels.
- Cranial division (originating in the brain) connects with oculomotor (CN III), facial (CN VII), glossopharyngeal (CN IX), and vagus (CN X) nerves.
- Sacral division (originating in the sacral spinal cord) connects through pelvic splanchnic nerves.
- Postganglionic neurons located in terminal ganglia near target organs.
- Terminal ganglia often within organ walls, postganglionic fibers short.
Cranial Nerves III, VII, and IX
- Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons originate in three nuclei:
- Edinger-Westphal nucleus (subnucleus of oculomotor complex): travels with CN III, synapses at ciliary ganglion.
- Superior salivatory nucleus: travels with CN VII, synapses at pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia.
- Inferior salivatory nucleus: travels with CN IX, synapses at otic ganglion.
Cranial Nerve X
- Major parasympathetic output via vagus nerve (CN X).
- Cell bodies in the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus and nucleus ambiguus in the medulla.
- Supplies parasympathetic innervation to thoracic and abdominal viscera.
- Stimulation can affect gastric acid, insulin, and glucagon secretion.
- Preganglionic fibers connect with ganglia within the target organs.
Sacral Nerves
- Preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies located in S2-S4 spinal cord.
- Connect with pelvic splanchnic nerves.
- Innervate descending colon, rectum, bladder, and reproductive organs (male and female).
Visceral Control System Afferent Limb
- Internal organs densely innervated by visceral afferents.
- Some monitor nociceptive (painful) input, while others respond to stretch, chemical stimuli (e.g., PCO2, PO2, pH, glucose), and temperature.
- Many visceral nociceptive fibers travel with sympathetic nerves, while most physiological receptor axons travel with parasympathetic fibers.
- Cell bodies of visceral afferent fibers within dorsal root ganglia and cranial nerve ganglia (e.g., nodose, petrosal).
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Description
This quiz covers the structure and function of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons, focusing on their origins and connections in the cranial and sacral divisions. It will also touch upon the role and pathways of cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X in the parasympathetic nervous system. Test your knowledge and understanding of these crucial elements of the autonomic nervous system.
