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Questions and Answers
Giardia lamblia is a type of blood and tissue sporozoa
Giardia lamblia is a type of blood and tissue sporozoa
False
Giardia lamblia is found in lakes, streams, and other water sources worldwide
Giardia lamblia is found in lakes, streams, and other water sources worldwide
True
Giardia lamblia has 4 flagella
Giardia lamblia has 4 flagella
False
Giardia lamblia is transmitted through the fecal-oral route
Giardia lamblia is transmitted through the fecal-oral route
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Giardia lamblia has a single nucleus
Giardia lamblia has a single nucleus
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Giardia lamblia can be detected in a single stool specimen.
Giardia lamblia can be detected in a single stool specimen.
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Trichomonas vaginalis has a cyst form.
Trichomonas vaginalis has a cyst form.
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Trichomonas vaginalis is usually asymptomatic in females.
Trichomonas vaginalis is usually asymptomatic in females.
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Kohn staining is used to detect cysts in formed stool.
Kohn staining is used to detect cysts in formed stool.
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Trichomonas vaginalis is transmitted by contaminated food and water.
Trichomonas vaginalis is transmitted by contaminated food and water.
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Giardia lamblia has 2 nucleus.
Giardia lamblia has 2 nucleus.
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Infection of Giardia lamblia occurs through skin contact.
Infection of Giardia lamblia occurs through skin contact.
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Giardia lamblia can multiply by longitudinal binary fission in the colon.
Giardia lamblia can multiply by longitudinal binary fission in the colon.
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The cyst is the infectious stage of Giardia lamblia.
The cyst is the infectious stage of Giardia lamblia.
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Giardia lamblia is typically found in the large intestine.
Giardia lamblia is typically found in the large intestine.
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Giardia lamblia causes inflammation in the kidney.
Giardia lamblia causes inflammation in the kidney.
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Giardia lamblia can be diagnosed through serology tests.
Giardia lamblia can be diagnosed through serology tests.
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Giardia lamblia attaches to the epithelial surface of the mucosa layer.
Giardia lamblia attaches to the epithelial surface of the mucosa layer.
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All patients infected with Giardia lamblia show symptoms.
All patients infected with Giardia lamblia show symptoms.
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Giardia lamblia infection can cause malabsorption of fat.
Giardia lamblia infection can cause malabsorption of fat.
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Dientamoeba fragilis is a type of intestinal and atrial flagellate.
Dientamoeba fragilis is a type of intestinal and atrial flagellate.
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Balantidium coli is the largest protozoan parasite of humans.
Balantidium coli is the largest protozoan parasite of humans.
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The trophozoite stage of Balantidium coli has a single nucleus.
The trophozoite stage of Balantidium coli has a single nucleus.
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Balantidium coli can invade the liver and other extraintestinal sites.
Balantidium coli can invade the liver and other extraintestinal sites.
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Metronidazole is not effective in treating Balantidium coli infections.
Metronidazole is not effective in treating Balantidium coli infections.
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Study Notes
Intestinal and Atrial Flagellates and Ciliates
Giardia lamblia
- Distribution: Worldwide, particularly in England, Russia, and Eastern Europe
- Found in lakes, streams, and other water sources
- Kingdom: Protista, Subkingdom: Protozoa, Phylum: Sarcomastigophora, Subphylum: Mastigophora
- Class: Zommastigophora, Order: Diplomonadida, Family: Hexamitidae, Genus: Giardia, Species: lamblia
- Transmission: Fecal-oral route, ingestion of food and water contaminated with animal or human feces
- Characteristics: Pear-shaped, 8 flagella, bilateral symmetry, 2 nucleus, fine granular cytoplasm
- Life cycle: Ingestion of cysts, excystation in small intestine, multiplication by longitudinal binary fission, encystation in colon
- Pathogenesis: Causes giardiasis, inhabits glandular crypts of mucosa layer in duodenum and jejunum, attaches to epithelial surface, disrupts intestinal function, causes malabsorption, weight loss, and steatorrhea
- Laboratory diagnosis: Stool examination, duodenal fluid examination, serum examination
- Treatment: Quinacrine or metronidazole, furazolidone for children
- Prevention: Avoiding contaminated food and water, proper disposal of feces, good personal hygiene, proper storage of food and water
Trichomonas vaginalis
- Genital flagellates, found in vagina and urethra
- Distribution: Worldwide
- Transmission: Sexual contact, contaminated towels, infected examination equipment, infants during birth
- Characteristics: Pear-shaped, round anterior, pointy posterior, 4 anterior flagella, undulating membrane, ovoid nucleus
- Life cycle: No cyst form, exists only as trophozoite, multiplies by longitudinal binary fission
- Pathogenesis: Causes trichomoniasis, infects urethra in males, causes vaginitis in females
- Laboratory diagnosis: Microscopic examination of vaginal or urethral discharge
- Treatment: Metronidazole
Dientamoeba fragilis
- Characteristics: Microscopic examination, detection of motile trophozoite in a wet preparation
- Staining: Trichrome staining
Balantidium coli
- Phylum: Ciliophora, Family: Balantididae
- Distribution: Worldwide, natural host: pigs, accidental host: man
- Characteristics: Largest protozoan, site: large intestine, reservoirs: monkeys, pigs, rats
- Life cycle: Trophozoite and cyst stages, active motile trophozoite with cilia, spherical cyst with thick double-layered wall
- Pathogenesis: Causes mucosal ulcers and submucosal abscesses, does not invade liver or extraintestinal sites
- Laboratory diagnosis: Stool examination, biopsy, cultures
- Treatment: Tetracycline, metronidazole, nitroimidazole
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Description
Identify and learn about different types of protozoa and sporozoa that infect humans, including Iodamoeba butschlii, Dientamoeba fragilis, and more. Test your knowledge of parasitology and microbiology!
