Parasites in Ruminants: Diagnosis and Treatment
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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes Cryptosporidium parvum from other species within the Cryptosporidium genus?

  • It can infect calves younger than 30 days. (correct)
  • It primarily affects adult cows.
  • It only exists in sheep and goats.
  • It does not lead to diarrhea.
  • Which option is a common clinical sign associated with Ostertagia and Teladorsagia infections in calves?

  • Lesions in the lungs.
  • Vomiting.
  • Morning fever.
  • Diarrhea. (correct)
  • Which method is recommended for the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium oocysts?

  • Culture on specialized agar media.
  • Direct microscopic examination of blood.
  • PCR analysis of saliva samples.
  • Fecal flotation using a concentration sucrose solution. (correct)
  • What characteristic appearance is noted in the abomasum of calves infected with Ostertagia?

    <p>Moroccan leather appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species of Eimeria is primarily responsible for severe coccidiosis in young calves?

    <p>Eimeria zuernii.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is recommended for wool strike caused by Calliphoridae in sheep?

    <p>Coumaphos spray or dip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical sign is primarily associated with Psoroptes ovis in sheep?

    <p>Wool loss and intense pruritus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species of lice is commonly found in cattle?

    <p>Solenopotes capillatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature distinguishes Linognathus from other lice?

    <p>First pair of tarsal claws being smaller than second and third pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary preventive measure to avoid wool strike in sheep?

    <p>Clipping wool around the prepuce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasitic species is responsible for causing skin issues in both cattle and sheep?

    <p>Psoroptes ovis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Hypoderma spp. larvae affect the host after they burrow into the skin?

    <p>They migrate through the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended treatment for scabies caused by Psoroptes ovis?

    <p>Coumaphos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Otobius megnini?

    <p>They have spines covering their body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is effective against Chorioptes bovis?

    <p>Coumaphos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of high numbers of Trichostrongylus infections in sheep?

    <p>Myiasis from blowflies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical signs are common in sheep after shipping due to Eimeria infection?

    <p>Diarrhea and gastrointestinal distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is off-label for Eimeria infections?

    <p>Amprolium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic differentiates Railletia auris from other mites?

    <p>Causes significant auditory canal blockages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defining feature of Chorioptes bovis distinguishes it from other mites?

    <p>Unsegmented pedicels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what stage do larvae of Trichostrongylus typically survive the winter?

    <p>As infective third-stage larvae on pasture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is primarily associated with Eimeria infection in cattle?

    <p>Diarrhea with bloody stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common diagnostic method for detecting Strongyloides papillosus in ruminants?

    <p>Detection of eggs containing rhabditiform larvae in feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is NOT effective against Paramphistomum cervi infections in cattle?

    <p>No labeled treatments in the U.S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT associated with Tritrichomonas foetus infection in cattle?

    <p>Nervous signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Neospora caninum is true regarding its effects on cattle?

    <p>Major cause of bovine abortion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of transmission for Tritrichomonas foetus?

    <p>Transmission during copulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of Eimeria infection in calves during winter?

    <p>Diarrhea with tenesmus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is advised to avoid in horses when treating coccidiosis?

    <p>Monensin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nematode is known to cause sudden death in ruminants?

    <p>Strongyloides papillosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which control measure is NOT suggested for Besnoitia in cattle?

    <p>Vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of Oestrus ovis infection in sheep?

    <p>Nasal discharge and sneezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the life cycle phase for Dictyocaulus larvae that first appears in feces?

    <p>L1 larvae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cattle, which diagnostic method is commonly used for detecting Theileria orientalis?

    <p>Blood smear examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Parasites by Host: Ruminants

    • This presentation covers parasites affecting ruminants, focusing on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
    • The goals are to provide a differential list of parasites causing observed clinical signs, develop a diagnostic plan to rule out specific parasites, create a treatment plan based on the identified parasite, and inform owners about parasite prevention.
    • Examples of parasites discussed include blow flies, Psoroptes ovis, various sucking lice, Hypoderma spp., Otobius megnini, Railletia auris, Chorioptes bovis, Trichostrongylus spp., Eimeria spp., Paramphistomum cervi, Strongyloides spp., Oestrus ovis, Muellerius spp., Dictyocaulus spp., Tritrichomonas foetus, Neospora caninum, and Besnoitia.
    • Each parasite has specific characteristics like morphology, life stages, diagnostic methods, and treatments.
    • Diagnosing parasites involves identification of clinical signs, testing like fecal flotations, and determining the best course of action (e.g., medication or other treatment).

    Wool Strike (Blow Flies)

    • Blow flies cause wool strike in sheep.
    • The parasite targets areas soiled with urine or feces and areas wet from rain.
    • Toxins from myiasis (tissue infestation) can lead to death.
    • Treatment includes insecticides like coumaphos or cyromazine.
    • Prevention methods include clipping wool around sensitive areas and docking tails.
    • Removal of redundant skin folds is part of the solution.

    Psoroptes Ovis

    • This parasite is known for causing scabies in cattle, sheep, and horses.
    • It causes intense itching, skin lesions, and wool loss.
    • The parasite pierces the skin at the base of hairs to feed.
    • The parasite is prevalent in the southwestern U.S.
    • Treatment includes macrocyclic lactones and coumaphos.

    Other Parasites (General)

    • The presentation mentions multiple other parasites, each with distinct characteristics, life cycles, and clinical implications.
    • Parasites are categorized by their host and the symptoms they cause.
    • Treatments and diagnostic techniques vary according to the specific type of parasite.

    Specific Ruminant Parasites

    • The parasites mentioned each have specific names (e.g., Linognathus vituli, Solenopotes capillatus, Cryptosporidium parvum, Ostertagia, Hypoderma.).
    • The characteristics relevant to diagnostics, treatments and more are discussed.

    Common Symptoms (Diarrhea, Coughing, etc.)

    • The presentation discusses various symptoms, including diarrhea, in ruminants.
    • The various cause of diarrhea (e.g., parasites, protozoa, etc,) in ruminants were discussed.
    • Different diagnostic approaches were presented depending on the symptom and the parasite causing the issue.
    • Specific diagnostic tests and their application were presented.
    • Various treatments and prevention methods were explained.

    Practice Questions

    • There is a set of practice questions about parasites, their characteristics, diagnoses, and treatments.
    • The questions cover the morphological features of some of the parasites, diagnostic methods, and treatment plans.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the various parasites that affect ruminants, detailing their diagnosis, treatment, and prevention methods. Participants will learn to identify clinical signs and develop diagnostic and treatment plans tailored to specific parasites. Key examples include various species of lice, worms, and protozoa that impact ruminant health.

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