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Helminths of Ruminants Quiz
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Helminths of Ruminants Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What morphological feature is unique to males in the Strongylida order?

  • Colorful markings
  • Copulatory bursa (correct)
  • Thick-shelled eggs
  • Shorter body length

    • Which group of parasites is associated with strongyle-type eggs in ruminants?

  • Trichuris
  • Nematodirus
  • Ascaris
  • Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum (correct)

    • What is the typical prepatent period for Strongylida nematodes?

  • 4-6 weeks
  • 1-2 weeks
  • 6-8 weeks
  • 2-4 weeks (correct)

    • What does the periparturient rise phenomenon refer to in Strongylida nematodes?

    <p>Increase in fecal egg counts in pregnant ewes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Strongylida nematode does not belong to the HOT CO complex?

    <p>Nematodirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common clinical signs of Parasitic Gastroenteritis (PGE) in ruminants?

    <p>Loss of appetite and watery green diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the life cycle of Strongylida nematodes is correct?

    <p>The life cycle is direct with larval development in the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of eggs do Strongylida nematodes shed?

    <p>Ellipsoid, thin-shelled eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of Haemonchus spp. in ruminants?

    <p>Abomasum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic appearance associated with female Haemonchus spp.?

    <p>Barber pole appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical sign is associated with severe anemia caused by Haemonchus infection?

    <p>Pale mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is utilized to assess anemia severity in ruminants infected with Haemonchus?

    <p>FAMACHA system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disease caused by Ostertagia spp. in ruminants?

    <p>Ostertagiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ostertagiosis occurs due to synchronous emergence of hypobiotic larvae?

    <p>Type II ostertagiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical sign of Ostertagia infection in cattle?

    <p>Severe diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Trichostrongylus spp. play in ruminant parasitism?

    <p>Contributors to PGE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary economic impact of Cooperia spp. in cattle?

    <p>Decreased weight gain in calves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direct impact of Oesophagostomum spp. on ruminants?

    <p>Produce eosinophilic nodules in the intestinal wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinct appearance is associated with necropsy findings in Ostertagia infection?

    <p>Moroccan leather appearance of the abomasal mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary environment for Nematodirus spp. in ruminants?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What management strategy can help control Haemonchus infection in ruminants?

    <p>Integrated pest management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strategy that uses fecal egg counts to assess parasite burden in ruminants?

    <p>McMaster's technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species of Haemonchus is primarily a major pathogen in sheep?

    <p>Haemonchus contortus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental conditions are necessary for the hatching of eggs from large strongyles?

    <p>Cold followed by warmth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key morphological feature of Bunostomum spp.?

    <p>Large buccal cavity with chitinous cutting plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the infective L3 larvae of Bunostomum spp. primarily enter the host?

    <p>Through the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical sign of Bunostomum spp. infection may indicate hypoproteinemia?

    <p>Submandibular edema (bottle jaw)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the life cycle of Strongyloides papillosus?

    <p>It has both direct and indirect life cycles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common clinical signs are observed with Strongyloides papillosus infections in young ruminants?

    <p>Anorexia and emaciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is effective against Strongyloides papillosus?

    <p>Thiabendazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pathology is significant in Bunostomum spp. infections due to their blood-feeding behavior?

    <p>Hemorrhagic lesions and diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of eggs are associated with Trichuris spp.?

    <p>Thick-shelled eggs with a characteristic shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the ruminant's body do adult Trichuris spp. primarily reside?

    <p>Large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical signs may indicate a heavy infection of Trichuris spp. in ruminants?

    <p>Anorexia and blood in stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prepatent period for Bunostomum spp.?

    <p>2 to 2.5 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of life cycle do Trichuris spp. have?

    <p>Direct only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What important control measure is vital for managing Strongyloides papillosus infections?

    <p>Maintaining a clean, dry environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pathology is primarily associated with the immature flukes of Fasciola hepatica?

    <p>Hepatitis and fibrotic tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical sign is NOT typically associated with acute fascioliasis in small ruminants?

    <p>Weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Fasciola hepatica primarily diagnosed in infected hosts?

    <p>Fecal sedimentation for operculated eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary treatment option for Fasciola hepatica?

    <p>Albendazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a zoonotic concern of Fasciola hepatica?

    <p>Ingestion of contaminated aquatic vegetation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significant clinical consequence of Fascioloides magna in aberrant hosts like sheep?

    <p>Severe traumatic hepatitis and peritonitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of Fascioloides magna?

    <p>Trematoda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the life cycles of Fasciola hepatica and Fascioloides magna differ?

    <p>They share similar life cycles involving eggs and aquatic snails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In dead-end hosts like cattle, what occurs with Fascioloides magna?

    <p>Thick-walled non-patent cysts form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes Dicrocoelium dendriticum from Fasciola hepatica?

    <p>It uses ants as its second intermediate host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is least likely to occur in the chronic phase of fascioliasis?

    <p>Sudden death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of control is important for managing Fasciola hepatica infection?

    <p>Avoiding grazing on contaminated pastures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk of Fascioloides magna in livestock populations?

    <p>Significant economic losses in wildlife</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristic features of Trichuris spp. eggs identified during diagnosis?

    <p>They possess bipolar plugs at both ends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the life cycle of Moniezia spp.?

    <p>Cysticercoid larvae develop inside oribatid mites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary clinical impact of Moniezia spp. on ruminants?

    <p>They can lead to poor growth in young animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Fasciola hepatica most effectively diagnosed?

    <p>Through fecal examination for characteristic eggs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hosts does Taenia saginata involve in its life cycle?

    <p>Humans as definitive hosts, cattle as intermediate hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What morphological feature distinguishes Moniezia spp. from Thysanosoma spp.?

    <p>Moniezia spp. have a segmented body composed of proglottids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definitive host for Fasciola hepatica?

    <p>Ruminants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an important control measure for Moniezia spp. infections?

    <p>Reducing exposure to oribatid mite hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the adult Fasciola hepatica primarily located within the host?

    <p>In the liver and bile ducts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment options are effective for Moniezia spp. when treatment is deemed necessary?

    <p>Praziquantel and albendazole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly characterizes the definitive hosts of Trichuris spp.?

    <p>Ruminants and other mammals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What public health significance is associated with Taenia saginata?

    <p>It is a zoonotic infection linked to undercooked beef.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape and size typical of adult Fasciola hepatica?

    <p>Flat and oval-shaped, measuring 2-4 cm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pyriform apparatus found in the eggs of Moniezia spp.?

    <p>To serve as a protective feature during transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of a severe infection with Dictyocaulus viviparus in cattle?

    <p>Parasitic bronchitis leading to lung collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary clinical sign of Thelazia infection in ruminants?

    <p>Excessive tearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species of lungworm is primarily associated with small ruminants?

    <p>Muellerius capillaris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of fungi like Pilobolus in the life cycle of Dictyocaulus viviparus?

    <p>To spread L3 larvae in the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Musca flies in the life cycle of Thelazia spp.?

    <p>To deposit larvae in a new host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is commonly used for managing Thelazia infection?

    <p>Anthelmintics like ivermectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic technique is used to identify L1 larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparus?

    <p>Baermann technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main way through which small ruminants become infected with Muellerius capillaris?

    <p>Ingestion of land snails containing L3 larvae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical sign indicates that Parelaphostrongylus tenuis is causing neurological damage?

    <p>Uncoordinated movement (ataxia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes L1 larvae of Muellerius capillaris from those of Dictyocaulus?

    <p>The presence of a dorsal spine and wavy tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What preventive measure can help reduce the incidence of Thelazia infection in ruminants?

    <p>Fly control measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definitive host for Parelaphostrongylus tenuis?

    <p>White-tailed deer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical signs are typical of severe Dictyocaulus viviparus infections in cattle?

    <p>Coughing, dyspnea, and emaciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the body do adult Parelaphostrongylus tenuis reside in their natural host?

    <p>Subdural space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following indicates a significant impact of lungworms on livestock health?

    <p>Economic losses due to reduced productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic method can be used to confirm Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in abnormal hosts?

    <p>Cerebrospinal fluid analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment method for severe infections of Dictyocaulus viviparus in cattle?

    <p>Use of anthelmintics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition may arise from a Thelazia spp. infection if left untreated?

    <p>Chronic eye damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The life cycle of Thelazia spp. involves which method of larvae transmission?

    <p>Indirect transmission involving flies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the pathology of Muellerius capillaris typically vary between goats and sheep?

    <p>Goats experience more severe clinical signs compared to sheep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is NOT typically associated with Thelazia spp. infections?

    <p>Skin lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common zoonotic concern related to Thelazia spp.?

    <p>Ocular symptoms in humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the definitive hosts for Thelazia spp.?

    <p>Various mammals including ruminants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential treatment strategy for managing Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in abnormal hosts?

    <p>Anthelmintics with anti-inflammatory medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pathology is associated with Muellerius capillaris infections in small ruminants?

    <p>Granulomatous nodules in the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable feature of Dictyocaulus viviparus’s life cycle?

    <p>It includes a prepatent period of approximately one month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stage of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis larvae is infective to ruminants?

    <p>L3 larvae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a clinical sign of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in abnormal hosts that affects mobility?

    <p>Head tilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of eggs produced by Strongylida nematodes?

    <p>They are ellipsoid and thin-shelled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the life cycle do Strongylida nematodes undergo larval development?

    <p>In both the definitive host and the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the periparturient rise phenomenon in ewes?

    <p>An increase in nematode egg shedding due to relaxation of immunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species is specifically known for having larger eggs that are not strongyle-type?

    <p>Nematodirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Parasitic Gastroenteritis (PGE) characterized by?

    <p>A complex of gastrointestinal nematodes causing prominent clinical signs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical sign of strongylid infections in ruminants?

    <p>Watery green diarrhea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long is the typical prepatent period for Strongylida nematodes?

    <p>2-4 weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is associated with the relaxation of immunity during the periparturient rise?

    <p>Prolactin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary body location affected by Haemonchus spp. in ruminants?

    <p>Abomasum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical sign may indicate severe anemia in animals infected with Haemonchus spp.?

    <p>Submandibular edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major economic impact of Cooperia spp. in cattle?

    <p>Decreased weight gain in calves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Ostertagia spp. larvae affect the gastric glands in the abomasum?

    <p>Cause atrophy of gastric glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary diagnostic method used to assess Haemonchus spp. infections?

    <p>Fecal egg counts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a significant risk factor for Trichostrongylus spp. infections in ruminants?

    <p>Wet and warm climatic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical life cycle stage of Ostertagia spp. that infects the host?

    <p>L3 larvae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical sign is most commonly associated with Type II ostertagiosis?

    <p>Delayed onset of clinical signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one management strategy to control Haemonchus spp. infections?

    <p>Pasture rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common pathophysiological consequence of Ostertagia spp. infection?

    <p>Protein-losing gastropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the L3 larvae of Oesophagostomum spp. harmful to ruminants?

    <p>They form nodules in the mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species is primarily responsible for significant pathology in cattle among Ostertagia spp.?

    <p>Ostertagia ostertagi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pathogenic mechanism do Trichostrongylus spp. utilize in ruminants?

    <p>Direct tissue invasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What morphological feature helps identify Haemonchus spp. females?

    <p>Characteristic barber pole appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical signs may indicate severe Trichuris spp. infection in animals?

    <p>Blood in feces and diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for diagnosing Trichuris spp.?

    <p>Fecal flotation to identify characteristic eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for Moniezia spp. in ruminants when necessary?

    <p>Praziquantel and albendazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a definitive host for Moniezia spp.?

    <p>Free-living oribatid mites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ste of development occurs inside oribatid mites for Moniezia spp.?

    <p>Egg to cysticercoid larvae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What morphological feature is characteristic of Moniezia spp. eggs?

    <p>Pyriform apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of intermediate hosts in the life cycle of Fasciola hepatica?

    <p>To serve as a stage for asexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite can cause 'measly beef' due to its life cycle involving ruminants?

    <p>Taenia saginata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant reason for public health concern with Taenia saginata?

    <p>Humans serve as definitive hosts for the parasite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical consequence of Fasciola hepatica infection in ruminants?

    <p>Poor growth and weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary environment for the development of Fasciola hepatica eggs?

    <p>Aquatic environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the spread of Moniezia spp. be controlled effectively?

    <p>Manage grazing areas to reduce exposure to oribatid mites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature that differentiates Thysanosoma spp. from Moniezia spp.?

    <p>They have a distinguishing fringe on proglottids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of infection for Bunostomum spp. in ruminants?

    <p>Skin penetration by larvae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major clinical sign associated with Bunostomum spp. infections in ruminants?

    <p>Submandibular edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic feature distinguishes Strongyloides papillosus from other nematodes?

    <p>Alternating free-living and parasitic life cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical clinical sign observed in young ruminants infected with Strongyloides papillosus?

    <p>Ataxia due to brain lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can Trichuris spp. infections impact young ruminants?

    <p>Leading to anorexia and large bowel diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical sign is NOT typically associated with acute fascioliasis in small ruminants?

    <p>Weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the chitinous cutting plates found in Bunostomum spp.?

    <p>Allowing for blood-feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical appearance of eggs when diagnosing Bunostomum spp.?

    <p>Strongyle-type with a rough shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary treatment option for fascioliasis caused by Fasciola hepatica?

    <p>Triclabendazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a method for diagnosing Fasciola hepaticain infected hosts?

    <p>Identifying operculated eggs in fecal sedimentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for Strongyloides papillosus?

    <p>Threadworm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can arise from chronic fascioliasis due to Fasciola hepatica?

    <p>Severe liver damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pathology is primarily caused by the blood-feeding behavior of Bunostomum spp.?

    <p>Inflammation and villi loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What preventive measure is essential for controlling Strongyloides papillosus infections?

    <p>Maintaining a clean and dry environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species is a natural definitive host for Fascioloides magna?

    <p>White-tailed deer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prepatent period for Strongyloides papillosus?

    <p>2 to 2.5 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically distinguishes aberrant hosts infected with Fascioloides magna?

    <p>Severe traumatic hepatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical lifecycle sequence for Fascioloides magna?

    <p>Cercariae released, encyst on vegetation, ingested</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adult features are characteristic of Trichuris spp.?

    <p>Whip-like shape with a narrow anterior and thicker posterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major risk during the larval stage of Bunostomum spp. in the environment?

    <p>High burden of larvae on pasture during spring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of excrement may indicate anemia in hosts infected with Fasciola hepatica?

    <p>Black excrement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What zoonotic risk is associated with Fasciola hepatica?

    <p>Infects humans through consumption of contaminated watercress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of life cycle do Trichuris spp. exhibit?

    <p>Direct life cycle only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of Fasciolides magna infection in aberrant hosts?

    <p>Emaciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of heavy Bunostomum spp. infections?

    <p>Severe emaciation and death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary control measure to combat Fasciola hepatica?

    <p>Snail management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of Fascioloides magna in dead-end hosts?

    <p>Formation of non-patent cysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following liver trematodes is considered less severe than infections caused by Fasciola hepatica?

    <p>Dicrocoelium dendriticum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disease caused by Dictyocaulus viviparus in cattle?

    <p>Parasitic bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the life cycle of Dictyocaulus viviparus?

    <p>It has a direct life cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected prepatent period for Dictyocaulus viviparus?

    <p>1 month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intermediate host is critical in the life cycle of Muellerius capillaris?

    <p>Land snails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common clinical signs of Muellerius capillaris infection in goats?

    <p>Coughing and dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are Dictyocaulus viviparus infections primarily diagnosed?

    <p>Baermann technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What morphological feature distinguishes the L1 larvae of Muellerius capillaris?

    <p>Wavy tail with dorsal spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main route of infection for Dictyocaulus filaria in small ruminants?

    <p>Ingestion of L3 larvae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the pathology associated with Dictyocaulus viviparus?

    <p>Obstruction of small airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What economic impact do Dictyocaulus and Muellerius lungworms pose?

    <p>They can impair livestock health and productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the pathology of Muellerius capillaris differ in goats compared to sheep?

    <p>Goats show more severe clinical signs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one control measure to manage Muellerius capillaris infections?

    <p>Managing snail populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of treatment is generally not required for Muellerius capillaris in sheep?

    <p>Treatment is usually not needed due to subclinical infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classification is given to Thelazia spp.?

    <p>Eye worms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary pathology associated with Thelazia spp. infections?

    <p>Irritation and inflammation of the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common clinical sign of Thelazia infection in ruminants?

    <p>Excessive tearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Thelazia spp. typically diagnosed?

    <p>Direct observation of adult worms in the conjunctival sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key preventive measure against Thelazia infection in ruminants?

    <p>Effective fly control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which secondary health concern can arise from a Thelazia infection in animals?

    <p>Corneal ulcers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary natural host for Parelaphostrongylus tenuis?

    <p>White-tailed deer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical sign indicates severe neurological damage in abnormal hosts infected with Parelaphostrongylus tenuis?

    <p>Ataxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential treatment option for Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in abnormal hosts?

    <p>Anthelmintics and anti-inflammatory medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the life cycle of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis involve?

    <p>Ingestion of infected snails or slugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are Parelaphostrongylus tenuis infections diagnosed in abnormal hosts?

    <p>Clinical signs and CSF analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What zoonotic risk is associated with Thelazia spp.?

    <p>Ocular symptoms like conjunctivitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in abnormal hosts?

    <p>Irreversible neurological damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Musca flies in the life cycle of Thelazia spp.?

    <p>Intermediate host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms may arise from corneal ulcers caused by Thelazia infection?

    <p>Photophobia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor primarily contributes to the periparturient rise phenomenon observed in pregnant ewes infected with Strongylida nematodes?

    <p>Relaxation of immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes the eggs produced by Strongylida nematodes?

    <p>They are indistinguishable across different species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the direct life cycle in Strongylida nematodes?

    <p>It leads to enhanced transmission through environmental stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature helps differentiate Nematodirus from other Strongylida nematodes in terms of its eggs?

    <p>They have a large volume of cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the clinical manifestation of Parasitic Gastroenteritis (PGE) in ruminants?

    <p>It can present both clinical and subclinical forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the L3 larvae in the life cycle of Strongylida nematodes?

    <p>They are the infective stage that enters the definitive host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following clinical signs is least likely to be observed in ruminants suffering from Parasitic Gastroenteritis?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of increased prolactin levels during the periparturient period on Strongylida infections in ewes?

    <p>It increases the egg shedding from adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of the blood-feeding behavior of Haemonchus spp. in ruminants?

    <p>Severe anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the larvae of Ostertagia spp. contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease they cause?

    <p>They increase abomasal pH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in the hypobiotic phase of Haemonchus spp. larvae?

    <p>Unfavorable environmental conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic clinical sign associated with Type I ostertagiosis?

    <p>Recent ingestion of L3 larvae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary importance of Cooperia spp. in cattle health?

    <p>They contribute to economic loss by decreasing weight gain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the FAMACHA system play in managing Haemonchus infections?

    <p>It monitors anemia severity in affected animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic appearance associated with necropsy findings for Ostertagia infection?

    <p>Moroccan leather appearance of abomasal mucosa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Oesophagostomum spp. primarily identified during necropsy?

    <p>Presence of hemorrhagic or purulent nodules in the intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What management strategy is essential for addressing anthelmintic resistance in ruminants?

    <p>Integrating selective breeding for resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant pathology is associated with the life cycle of Trichostrongylus spp.?

    <p>Severe diarrhea known as 'black scours'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the economic importance of Nematodirus spp. in ruminants?

    <p>They lead to chronic infections that reduce feed efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary role of Trichostrongylus axei within ruminants?

    <p>Residing in the small intestine to induce malabsorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the clinical signs of Haemonchus and Ostertagia infections compare?

    <p>Both are characterized by diarrhea and weight loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining aspect of the life cycle of Ostertagia spp. that differentiates it from other gastrointestinal nematodes?

    <p>They undergo a phase of arrested development requiring host specificity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chronic clinical signs may indicate an ongoing infection with Fasciola hepatica?

    <p>Jaundice and emaciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During necropsy, which finding is most indicative of Fasciola hepatica in infected ruminants?

    <p>Operculated eggs in feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major complication of chronic Fasciola hepatica infections in ruminants?

    <p>Significant liver damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do dead-end hosts like cattle react to Fascioloides magna infection?

    <p>Formation of thick-walled non-patent cysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnostic finding is commonly associated with Fascioloides magna in its natural hosts?

    <p>Non-patent liver cysts without eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment modality for Fasciola hepatica infections?

    <p>Triclabendazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do immature Fasciola hepatica flukes primarily cause pathology in the liver?

    <p>By inducing fibrosis and hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is generally effective in controlling Fasciola hepatica infections?

    <p>Grazing management to avoid contaminated areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom would NOT typically be associated with acute fascioliasis in small ruminants?

    <p>Bottle jaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents the major pathological feature of Fascioloides magna in aberrant hosts?

    <p>Continuous migration causing severe hepatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are zoonotic concerns posed by Fasciola hepatica primarily mitigated?

    <p>Thorough washing and cooking of aquatic vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing characteristic of Paramphistomum spp. compared to Fasciola hepatica?

    <p>Location primarily in the rumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom may indicate severe damage caused by fascioliasis in small ruminants?

    <p>Weight loss and weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the hatching of eggs from large strongyles in ruminants?

    <p>Resistance to drying and freezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is indicative of acute fascioliasis in small ruminants?

    <p>Sudden death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common clinical manifestation of a Bunostomum spp. infection in young ruminants?

    <p>Submandibular edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which morphological feature is distinguishing for the adult Trichuris spp. in ruminants?

    <p>Whip-like shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pathophysiological effect is a result of Bunostomum spp. blood-feeding behavior?

    <p>Hemorrhagic lesions in the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Strongyloides papillosus primarily distinguished from other intestinal nematodes in ruminants?

    <p>By the parasitic nature of females only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which animal species is Bunostomum phlebotomy primarily found?

    <p>Cattle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental condition is most critical for the survival of infective L3 larvae of Strongyloides papillosus?

    <p>Moisture retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common diagnostic method for identifying Strongyloides papillosus infections?

    <p>Fecal flotation to identify L1 eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the life cycle of Trichuris spp. contributes to their effectiveness as parasites?

    <p>Direct transmission via fecal-oral route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical sign can indicate a severe Strongyloides papillosus infection in ruminants?

    <p>Ataxia due to neurological involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the thick shell in the eggs of Bunostomum spp. during environmental exposure?

    <p>Providing protection against desiccation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important control strategy to manage Trichuris spp. infections in ruminants?

    <p>Regular anthelmintic treatment cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical prepatent period for Strongyloides papillosus after infection?

    <p>2-2.5 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of Trichuris spp. and its relevance to ruminant health?

    <p>Order Enoplida, typically subclinical yet can cause diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of eggs are characteristic of Moniezia spp.?

    <p>Pyriform eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the host's anatomy does Fasciola hepatica most commonly reside?

    <p>Bile ducts and liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the life cycle of Moniezia spp.?

    <p>Indirect life cycle involving free-living oribatid mites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the characteristic fringe present in Thysanosoma spp.?

    <p>It aids in the identification of the species</p>