60 Questions
Which class of drugs does aspirin belong to?
Propionic acid derivatives
Which drug is commonly used to treat fever and joint pain?
Aspirin
Who discovered aspirin?
Felix Hoffman
Which drug is commonly known as 'Aspirin'?
Acetylsalicylic acid
Which class of drugs does ibuprofen belong to?
Propionic acid derivatives
Which class of drugs does diclofenac belong to?
Arylalkanoic acids
Which class of drugs does piroxicam belong to?
Oxicams
Which of the following is NOT an indication for NSAID therapy?
Treatment of acute MI
What is the primary mechanism of NSAID-induced GI toxicity?
Decreased mucus production in the stomach
Which of the following is a risk factor for GI bleeding associated with NSAID use?
Chronic disease
What is the primary reason for avoiding or adjusting the dose of NSAIDs in patients with renal failure?
Papillary necrosis
What is the mechanism of action of paracetamol (acetaminophen)?
Conjugation reaction
What is the main difference between paracetamol and NSAIDs?
NSAIDs are better tolerated
What percentage of asthmatics may experience bronchospasm following NSAID use?
10%
Which phase of metabolism is responsible for the formation of N-acetyl–p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI)?
Phase I (oxidation) reaction
What is the primary purpose of using N-acetylcysteine (glutathione precursor) in paracetamol poisoning?
To enhance the excretion of NAPQI
What is the main objective of using selective COX-2 inhibitors?
To selectively inhibit COX-2 in vitro and in vivo
What is the controversy surrounding the use of COX-2 inhibitors?
Increased risk of myocardial infarction
What is the population-based retrospective study conducted in Ontario focused on?
The rate of GI side-effects in the elderly population
What is the primary mechanism by which steroids reduce immune activation?
Altering gene expression in T cells
What is the main clinical use of corticosteroids?
To suppress inflammation and treat acute diseases
Which of the following is a risk factor for fungal infections?
Candida
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for intracellular pathogens?
Pneumocystis
Which of the following is a characteristic of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDS)?
They are steroid-sparing
What is the main indication for methotrexate?
All of the above
What is a main toxicity associated with azathioprine?
Hepatotoxicity
What is the main mechanism of action of ciclosporin?
Inhibition of T cell activity
Which of the following is a main side effect of corticosteroids?
Pulmonary fibrosis
What is the mechanism of action of methotrexate?
Competitive inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase
Which of the following is a key side effect of ciclosporin?
Gum hyperplasia
What is the main use of aspirin nowadays?
To prevent stroke and heart attack
What is the main pathway by which arachidonic acid is converted into prostaglandins?
The Cyclooxygenase pathway
What is the main risk factor for gastrointestinal bleeding associated with NSAID use?
Previous gastrointestinal bleed
Which isoform of Cyclooxygenase is constitutively expressed in all tissues?
Cox one
What is the main toxicity associated with NSAIDs on the kidney?
Papillary necrosis
What is the primary mechanism of action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?
Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase
What is the main side effect of NSAIDs on the respiratory system?
Bronchospasm
Which isoform of Cyclooxygenase is found only in the central nervous system?
Cox three
What is the primary mechanism by which paracetamol (acetaminophen) reduces fever?
Inhibition of COX-1 enzyme
Which of the following drugs is NOT classified as a mild drug in immunopharmacology?
Paracetamol
What is the primary difference between corticosteroids and COX-2 inhibitors?
Corticosteroids have a broader range of effects on the immune system, while COX-2 inhibitors are more specific
Which medication was synthesized from acetone and salicylic acid to become known as aspirin?
Paracetamol
What is the main function of corticosteroids in the immune response?
They inhibit the release of neutrophils from the bone marrow
Which protein keeps the steroid receptor in the cytoplasm?
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP 90)
Which route of administration is NOT used for hydrocortisone?
Inhaler
Which corticosteroid was used in the treatment of COVID-19?
Dexamethasone
Which of the following is a potential benefit of limiting the amount of stock people have for paracetamol overdoses?
It reduces the risk of hepatic necrosis
What is the main reason for the limited use of selective COX-2 inhibitors in the United Kingdom?
They have been associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction
Which drug is considered the prototype for COX-2 inhibitors?
Celecoxib
What is the primary role of corticosteroids in the body?
Regulating metabolism and electrolyte balance
Which of the following is a possible reason why some people with asthma get wheezy with NSAIDs?
NSAIDs shunt arachidonic acid down the leukotriene pathway
Which of the following is true about paracetamol (acetaminophen)?
Paracetamol is a weak inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis
What is the main problem associated with paracetamol overdose?
Hepatic toxicity
Why is paracetamol overdose less common now?
Restriction on the sale of paracetamol tablets
Which of the following is a common side effect of long-term steroid use?
Insomnia
What is a potential consequence of taking corticosteroids in high doses?
Diabetes
Which of the following is a potential side effect of corticosteroids?
Psychosis
What is a potential consequence of long-term corticosteroid use?
Cushing's disease
Which of the following is a potential side effect of corticosteroids?
Weight loss
What is a potential consequence of taking corticosteroids in high doses?
Diabetes
Test your knowledge on the metabolism and effects of paracetamol with this quiz. Explore topics like NAPQI, hepatic necrosis, phase I and II reactions, and the role of glutathione in paracetamol metabolism.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
