T1 L15: Pharmacological aspects of immunology 1 (MTz)

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Which class of drugs does aspirin belong to?

Oxicams
Propionic acid derivatives (correct)
Arylalkanoic acids
Fenamic acids

Which drug is commonly used to treat fever and joint pain?

Ibuprofen
Aspirin (correct)
Naproxen
Indometacin

Who discovered aspirin?

Salix alba
Felix Hoffman (correct)
Bayer
Rev Edmund Stone

Which drug is commonly known as 'Aspirin'?

Acetylsalicylic acid (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs does ibuprofen belong to?

Propionic acid derivatives (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs does diclofenac belong to?

Arylalkanoic acids (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs does piroxicam belong to?

Oxicams (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an indication for NSAID therapy?

Treatment of acute MI (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of NSAID-induced GI toxicity?

Decreased mucus production in the stomach (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for GI bleeding associated with NSAID use?

Chronic disease (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for avoiding or adjusting the dose of NSAIDs in patients with renal failure?

Papillary necrosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of paracetamol (acetaminophen)?

Conjugation reaction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between paracetamol and NSAIDs?

NSAIDs are better tolerated (A) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of asthmatics may experience bronchospasm following NSAID use?

10% (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of metabolism is responsible for the formation of N-acetyl–p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI)?

Phase I (oxidation) reaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using N-acetylcysteine (glutathione precursor) in paracetamol poisoning?

To enhance the excretion of NAPQI (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of using selective COX-2 inhibitors?

To selectively inhibit COX-2 in vitro and in vivo (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the controversy surrounding the use of COX-2 inhibitors?

Increased risk of myocardial infarction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the population-based retrospective study conducted in Ontario focused on?

The rate of GI side-effects in the elderly population (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which steroids reduce immune activation?

Altering gene expression in T cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main clinical use of corticosteroids?

To suppress inflammation and treat acute diseases (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for fungal infections?

Candida (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for intracellular pathogens?

Pneumocystis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDS)?

They are steroid-sparing (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main indication for methotrexate?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a main toxicity associated with azathioprine?

Hepatotoxicity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of action of ciclosporin?

Inhibition of T cell activity (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a main side effect of corticosteroids?

Pulmonary fibrosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of methotrexate?

Competitive inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key side effect of ciclosporin?

Gum hyperplasia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main use of aspirin nowadays?

To prevent stroke and heart attack (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main pathway by which arachidonic acid is converted into prostaglandins?

The Cyclooxygenase pathway (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main risk factor for gastrointestinal bleeding associated with NSAID use?

Previous gastrointestinal bleed (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which isoform of Cyclooxygenase is constitutively expressed in all tissues?

Cox one (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main toxicity associated with NSAIDs on the kidney?

Papillary necrosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?

Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main side effect of NSAIDs on the respiratory system?

Bronchospasm (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which isoform of Cyclooxygenase is found only in the central nervous system?

Cox three (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which paracetamol (acetaminophen) reduces fever?

Inhibition of COX-1 enzyme (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is NOT classified as a mild drug in immunopharmacology?

Paracetamol (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between corticosteroids and COX-2 inhibitors?

Corticosteroids have a broader range of effects on the immune system, while COX-2 inhibitors are more specific (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication was synthesized from acetone and salicylic acid to become known as aspirin?

Paracetamol (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of corticosteroids in the immune response?

They inhibit the release of neutrophils from the bone marrow (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which protein keeps the steroid receptor in the cytoplasm?

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP 90) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration is NOT used for hydrocortisone?

Inhaler (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which corticosteroid was used in the treatment of COVID-19?

Dexamethasone (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential benefit of limiting the amount of stock people have for paracetamol overdoses?

It reduces the risk of hepatic necrosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the limited use of selective COX-2 inhibitors in the United Kingdom?

They have been associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is considered the prototype for COX-2 inhibitors?

Celecoxib (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of corticosteroids in the body?

Regulating metabolism and electrolyte balance (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a possible reason why some people with asthma get wheezy with NSAIDs?

NSAIDs shunt arachidonic acid down the leukotriene pathway (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about paracetamol (acetaminophen)?

Paracetamol is a weak inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main problem associated with paracetamol overdose?

Hepatic toxicity (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is paracetamol overdose less common now?

Restriction on the sale of paracetamol tablets (C) Signup and view all the answers