T1 L15: Pharmacological aspects of immunology 1 (MTz)
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Questions and Answers

Which class of drugs does aspirin belong to?

  • Oxicams
  • Propionic acid derivatives (correct)
  • Arylalkanoic acids
  • Fenamic acids
  • Which drug is commonly used to treat fever and joint pain?

  • Ibuprofen
  • Aspirin (correct)
  • Naproxen
  • Indometacin
  • Who discovered aspirin?

  • Salix alba
  • Felix Hoffman (correct)
  • Bayer
  • Rev Edmund Stone
  • Which drug is commonly known as 'Aspirin'?

    <p>Acetylsalicylic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs does ibuprofen belong to?

    <p>Propionic acid derivatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs does diclofenac belong to?

    <p>Arylalkanoic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs does piroxicam belong to?

    <p>Oxicams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an indication for NSAID therapy?

    <p>Treatment of acute MI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of NSAID-induced GI toxicity?

    <p>Decreased mucus production in the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for GI bleeding associated with NSAID use?

    <p>Chronic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for avoiding or adjusting the dose of NSAIDs in patients with renal failure?

    <p>Papillary necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of paracetamol (acetaminophen)?

    <p>Conjugation reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between paracetamol and NSAIDs?

    <p>NSAIDs are better tolerated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of asthmatics may experience bronchospasm following NSAID use?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of metabolism is responsible for the formation of N-acetyl–p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI)?

    <p>Phase I (oxidation) reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using N-acetylcysteine (glutathione precursor) in paracetamol poisoning?

    <p>To enhance the excretion of NAPQI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of using selective COX-2 inhibitors?

    <p>To selectively inhibit COX-2 in vitro and in vivo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the controversy surrounding the use of COX-2 inhibitors?

    <p>Increased risk of myocardial infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the population-based retrospective study conducted in Ontario focused on?

    <p>The rate of GI side-effects in the elderly population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which steroids reduce immune activation?

    <p>Altering gene expression in T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main clinical use of corticosteroids?

    <p>To suppress inflammation and treat acute diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for fungal infections?

    <p>Candida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for intracellular pathogens?

    <p>Pneumocystis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDS)?

    <p>They are steroid-sparing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main indication for methotrexate?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a main toxicity associated with azathioprine?

    <p>Hepatotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of action of ciclosporin?

    <p>Inhibition of T cell activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a main side effect of corticosteroids?

    <p>Pulmonary fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of methotrexate?

    <p>Competitive inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key side effect of ciclosporin?

    <p>Gum hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of aspirin nowadays?

    <p>To prevent stroke and heart attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main pathway by which arachidonic acid is converted into prostaglandins?

    <p>The Cyclooxygenase pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main risk factor for gastrointestinal bleeding associated with NSAID use?

    <p>Previous gastrointestinal bleed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which isoform of Cyclooxygenase is constitutively expressed in all tissues?

    <p>Cox one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main toxicity associated with NSAIDs on the kidney?

    <p>Papillary necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?

    <p>Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main side effect of NSAIDs on the respiratory system?

    <p>Bronchospasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which isoform of Cyclooxygenase is found only in the central nervous system?

    <p>Cox three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which paracetamol (acetaminophen) reduces fever?

    <p>Inhibition of COX-1 enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is NOT classified as a mild drug in immunopharmacology?

    <p>Paracetamol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between corticosteroids and COX-2 inhibitors?

    <p>Corticosteroids have a broader range of effects on the immune system, while COX-2 inhibitors are more specific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication was synthesized from acetone and salicylic acid to become known as aspirin?

    <p>Paracetamol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of corticosteroids in the immune response?

    <p>They inhibit the release of neutrophils from the bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein keeps the steroid receptor in the cytoplasm?

    <p>Heat shock protein 90 (HSP 90)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration is NOT used for hydrocortisone?

    <p>Inhaler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which corticosteroid was used in the treatment of COVID-19?

    <p>Dexamethasone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential benefit of limiting the amount of stock people have for paracetamol overdoses?

    <p>It reduces the risk of hepatic necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the limited use of selective COX-2 inhibitors in the United Kingdom?

    <p>They have been associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is considered the prototype for COX-2 inhibitors?

    <p>Celecoxib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of corticosteroids in the body?

    <p>Regulating metabolism and electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible reason why some people with asthma get wheezy with NSAIDs?

    <p>NSAIDs shunt arachidonic acid down the leukotriene pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about paracetamol (acetaminophen)?

    <p>Paracetamol is a weak inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main problem associated with paracetamol overdose?

    <p>Hepatic toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is paracetamol overdose less common now?

    <p>Restriction on the sale of paracetamol tablets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of long-term steroid use?

    <p>Insomnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of taking corticosteroids in high doses?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of corticosteroids?

    <p>Psychosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of long-term corticosteroid use?

    <p>Cushing's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of corticosteroids?

    <p>Weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of taking corticosteroids in high doses?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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