T1 L15: Consciousness (AN)
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of brainstem death?

  • Pupils react to light
  • Consciousness can be regained (correct)
  • Presence of reflexes
  • Able to respond to environment

    • What is the minimum Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score?

  • 15
  • 3 (correct)
  • 2
  • 8

    • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the vegetative state?

  • Unresponsiveness
  • Preserved sleep/wake cycle
  • Awareness (correct)
  • Wakefulness

    • What is the proposed duration for a permanent vegetative state after a non-traumatic brain injury in the UK?

    <p>6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical structure is associated with the default mode network, involved in subjective consciousness?

    <p>Anterior Cingulate Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key requirement for human consciousness?

    <p>Sense organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of coma?

    <p>Unresponsiveness to external stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological state of consciousness is reversible and cyclical?

    <p>Sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of coma?

    <p>Vegetative state or minimally conscious state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a physiological state of consciousness?

    <p>Locked in Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following brain networks breaks down in disorders of consciousness?

    <p>Fronto-parietal network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological measure is a high frequency, de-synchronized waking rhythm?

    <p>Gamma rhythm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event-related potential reflects the processing of the meaningfulness of stimuli?

    <p>N400</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory of consciousness suggests that consciousness is an illusion?

    <p>Illusionism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory of consciousness proposes that consciousness is a field?

    <p>Orchestrated objective reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to John Hughlings Jackson, what is the doctrine of Concomitance?

    <p>States of consciousness and nervous states occur together but do not interfere with each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the father of English Neurology?

    <p>John Hughlings Jackson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, where should one look for Illusion?

    <p>In the simple substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Hard Problem of Consciousness?

    <p>The problem of how consciousness is related to brain structure and function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, what is the Pre-Established Harmony?

    <p>The harmony between all substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the etymology of the word 'consciousness'?

    <p>It comes from the Latin words 'con' meaning 'together' and 'scio' meaning 'to know'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is often attributed to the origin of the modern concept of consciousness?

    <p>John Locke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to John Locke, what is the definition of consciousness?

    <p>The perception of what passes in a man's own mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Ted Honderich, what are the three components of his theory of consciousness called 'actualism'?

    <p>Perceptual Consciousness, Reflective Consciousness, Affective Consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text illustrate that consciousness cannot be defined by reference to anything else?

    <p>By using the word 'experiencing' as a substitute for consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region is primarily composed of the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus, angular gyrus, and hippocampus?

    <p>Default Mode Network (DMN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region is responsible for error detection, conflict monitoring, sense of volition, registration of pain, social evaluation, and reward-based learning?

    <p>Anterior Cingulate Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region is associated with arousal and is composed of serotonergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic, histaminergic, and cholinergic nuclei?

    <p>Locus Coeruleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region is responsible for the creation of maps of the self and environment, processing to integrate the maps, and to respond appropriately?

    <p>Cerebral Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region, when stimulated, can result in complete arrest of volitional behavior, unresponsiveness, amnesia, and disruption of consciousness?

    <p>Claustrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Glasgow Coma Scale used to assess?

    <p>Level of consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the philosophical problem discussed in the text?

    <p>The problem of other minds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe an organism that possesses all the properties of consciousness but is not conscious?

    <p>Philosophical zombie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the subjective aspect of consciousness that cannot be objectively measured?

    <p>Experience of thoughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is often attributed to the origin of the modern concept of consciousness?

    <p>John Locke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of consciousness according to the Oxford English Dictionary?

    <p>The state of being aware and responsive to one's surroundings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main problem with Thomas Nagel's definition of consciousness?

    <p>It implies a circular comparison with a previous conscious experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who popularized the modern concept of consciousness?

    <p>John Locke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the relationship between the brain and consciousness?

    <p>Consciousness is closely associated with brain function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of consciousness in a general sense?

    <p>It allows perception, thought, and experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the requirements for consciousness according to the text?

    <p>Having a body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the activating or arousal systems in consciousness?

    <p>They activate the senses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of integration in consciousness?

    <p>Integration is necessary for the experience of unity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ultra short working memory in consciousness?

    <p>It retains sensory information for a few microseconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for complete paralysis of all motor outputs but preservation of consciousness?

    <p>Locked in syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain imaging technique can be used to observe motor responses in the brain even when they are not expressed through muscles?

    <p>Magnetoencephalography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between language and rationality?

    <p>Language enables rationality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of consciousness involves the representation of space and time?

    <p>Representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three components of consciousness according to Ted Honderich's theory 'actualism'?

    <p>Perceptual consciousness, reflexive consciousness, and effective consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difficulty in defining consciousness according to the text?

    <p>It is difficult to define consciousness in terms of anything else</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region is responsible for processing maps of the self and environment, integrating the maps, and responding appropriately?

    <p>Posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed relationship between matter and consciousness according to the text?

    <p>Matter is a condensed form of consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to William James, what phrase did he use to describe the flow of consciousness?

    <p>The stream of consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used by the speaker to describe the thought process of looking at a brack picture?

    <p>Flow of consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the American father of psychology?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used by the speaker to describe the associations in the flow of consciousness?

    <p>Freudian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an association in the flow of consciousness?

    <p>Green</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to William James, does a thought in the flow of consciousness have a complete stop before another thought starts?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

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