58 Questions
Which of the following is a characteristic of brainstem death?
Consciousness can be regained
What is the minimum Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score?
3
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the vegetative state?
Awareness
What is the proposed duration for a permanent vegetative state after a non-traumatic brain injury in the UK?
6 months
Which anatomical structure is associated with the default mode network, involved in subjective consciousness?
Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Which of the following is NOT a key requirement for human consciousness?
Sense organs
What is the main characteristic of coma?
Unresponsiveness to external stimuli
Which physiological state of consciousness is reversible and cyclical?
Sleep
What is the outcome of coma?
Vegetative state or minimally conscious state
Which of the following is NOT a physiological state of consciousness?
Locked in Syndrome
Which of the following brain networks breaks down in disorders of consciousness?
Fronto-parietal network
Which physiological measure is a high frequency, de-synchronized waking rhythm?
Gamma rhythm
Which event-related potential reflects the processing of the meaningfulness of stimuli?
N400
Which theory of consciousness suggests that consciousness is an illusion?
Illusionism
Which theory of consciousness proposes that consciousness is a field?
Orchestrated objective reduction
According to John Hughlings Jackson, what is the doctrine of Concomitance?
States of consciousness and nervous states occur together but do not interfere with each other.
Who is considered the father of English Neurology?
John Hughlings Jackson
According to the text, where should one look for Illusion?
In the simple substance
What is the Hard Problem of Consciousness?
The problem of how consciousness is related to brain structure and function
According to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, what is the Pre-Established Harmony?
The harmony between all substances
According to the text, what is the etymology of the word 'consciousness'?
It comes from the Latin words 'con' meaning 'together' and 'scio' meaning 'to know'
Who is often attributed to the origin of the modern concept of consciousness?
John Locke
According to John Locke, what is the definition of consciousness?
The perception of what passes in a man's own mind
According to Ted Honderich, what are the three components of his theory of consciousness called 'actualism'?
Perceptual Consciousness, Reflective Consciousness, Affective Consciousness
How does the text illustrate that consciousness cannot be defined by reference to anything else?
By using the word 'experiencing' as a substitute for consciousness
Which brain region is primarily composed of the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus, angular gyrus, and hippocampus?
Default Mode Network (DMN)
Which brain region is responsible for error detection, conflict monitoring, sense of volition, registration of pain, social evaluation, and reward-based learning?
Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Which brain region is associated with arousal and is composed of serotonergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic, histaminergic, and cholinergic nuclei?
Locus Coeruleus
Which brain region is responsible for the creation of maps of the self and environment, processing to integrate the maps, and to respond appropriately?
Cerebral Cortex
Which brain region, when stimulated, can result in complete arrest of volitional behavior, unresponsiveness, amnesia, and disruption of consciousness?
Claustrum
What is the Glasgow Coma Scale used to assess?
Level of consciousness
What is the philosophical problem discussed in the text?
The problem of other minds
What is the term used to describe an organism that possesses all the properties of consciousness but is not conscious?
Philosophical zombie
What is the subjective aspect of consciousness that cannot be objectively measured?
Experience of thoughts
Who is often attributed to the origin of the modern concept of consciousness?
John Locke
What is the definition of consciousness according to the Oxford English Dictionary?
The state of being aware and responsive to one's surroundings
What is the main problem with Thomas Nagel's definition of consciousness?
It implies a circular comparison with a previous conscious experience
Who popularized the modern concept of consciousness?
John Locke
Which statement best describes the relationship between the brain and consciousness?
Consciousness is closely associated with brain function
What is the importance of consciousness in a general sense?
It allows perception, thought, and experience
What is one of the requirements for consciousness according to the text?
Having a body
What is the role of the activating or arousal systems in consciousness?
They activate the senses
What is the importance of integration in consciousness?
Integration is necessary for the experience of unity
What is the function of the ultra short working memory in consciousness?
It retains sensory information for a few microseconds
What is the term for complete paralysis of all motor outputs but preservation of consciousness?
Locked in syndrome
Which brain imaging technique can be used to observe motor responses in the brain even when they are not expressed through muscles?
Magnetoencephalography
What is the relationship between language and rationality?
Language enables rationality
Which aspect of consciousness involves the representation of space and time?
Representation
What are the three components of consciousness according to Ted Honderich's theory 'actualism'?
Perceptual consciousness, reflexive consciousness, and effective consciousness
What is the main difficulty in defining consciousness according to the text?
It is difficult to define consciousness in terms of anything else
Which brain region is responsible for processing maps of the self and environment, integrating the maps, and responding appropriately?
Posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus
What is the proposed relationship between matter and consciousness according to the text?
Matter is a condensed form of consciousness
According to William James, what phrase did he use to describe the flow of consciousness?
The stream of consciousness
What is the term used by the speaker to describe the thought process of looking at a brack picture?
Flow of consciousness
Who is considered the American father of psychology?
William James
What is the term used by the speaker to describe the associations in the flow of consciousness?
Freudian
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an association in the flow of consciousness?
Green
According to William James, does a thought in the flow of consciousness have a complete stop before another thought starts?
No
Test your knowledge on convergent evolution and brain adaptation with this quiz! Explore topics like the Von Economo Neuron, cerebral cortex, and intralaminar thalamic nuclei. Learn about the creation of self and environmental maps, processing of information, and the effects of general anesthesia and lesions on brain activity. Challenge yourself and discover fascinating insights into brain evolution!
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