26 Questions
Where is the frontal sinus located?
In the forehead
Which sinus is located behind the nasal bone?
Ethmoid
What is the largest sinus and the most likely to get infected?
Maxillary
Where is the sphenoid sinus located?
Behind the ethmoid
Which of the following is NOT a location of a paranasal sinus?
In the back of the head
What percentage of the epithelial cells in the trachea are basal cells?
30%
What is the function of the afferent nerve endings on the basal surface of brush cells?
To transmit sensory information
What is the characteristic feature of the apical surface of brush cells?
Presence of microvilli
What is the percentage of brush cells in the trachea?
3%
What is the function of brush cells in the trachea?
To act as chemosensory receptors
What type of neurons are olfactory cells?
Bipolar neurons
Where are the nuclei of olfactory cells located in relation to the nuclei of supporting cells?
Below the nuclei of supporting cells
What is the function of supporting cells in the olfactory system?
To provide structural support to the olfactory epithelium
What is the relationship between basal cells and olfactory cells?
Basal cells and olfactory cells are distinct cell types
What is the arrangement of the nuclei of olfactory cells and supporting cells?
The nuclei of olfactory cells are below the nuclei of supporting cells
Which sinus is not part of the paranasal sinuses listed?
Occipital
What is the function of the Nasopharynx?
Respiratory
How many parts does the Pharynx have?
3
What type of epithelium lines the Nasopharynx?
Respiratory
What is the first part of the Pharynx?
Nasopharynx
What is the main difference between the mucosa of the primary bronchus and the tracheal mucosa?
The organization of cartilage and smooth muscle
What happens to the cartilage in smaller bronchi?
It becomes less abundant
What happens to the smooth muscle in smaller bronchioles?
It becomes more abundant
What is characteristic of the epithelium in larger bronchioles?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar
What is the last part of the air conducting system?
Terminal bronchiole
What is lacking in bronchioles?
Mucosal glands and cartilage
Study Notes
Olfactory Epithelium
- Basal cells make up 30% of the epithelium
- Brush cells with microvilli on apical surface and afferent nerve endings on basal surface act as chemosensory receptors, making up 3% of the epithelium
- Olfactory cells are bipolar neurons with nuclei located below the nuclei of supporting cells, with a small opening to the nasal cavity
Para-Nasal Sinuses
- Frontal sinus located in the forehead
- Ethmoid sinus located behind the nasal bone
- Sphenoid sinus located behind the ethmoid bone
- Maxillary sinus located on the sides of the nose
- The maxillary sinus is the largest and most likely to get infected
Nasopharynx
- First part of the pharynx
- Lined with respiratory epithelium
Pharynx
- Divided into three regions
- Terminal bronchiole is the last part of the air conducting system
Primary Bronchus
- Mucosa is structurally similar to tracheal mucosa except for the organization of cartilage and smooth muscle
- Cartilage rings completely encircle the lumen
Secondary and Smaller Bronchus
- Cartilage is reduced to many pieces of hyaline cartilage
- Smooth muscle, elastic fibers, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) become relatively more abundant as bronchi become smaller
- Mucosa are folded due to contraction of smooth muscle
Bronchioles
- Lack mucosal glands
- Lack cartilage
- Goblet cells are reduced
- Muscle becomes relatively more abundant
- Epithelium in larger bronchioles is ciliated pseudostratified columnar, decreasing in height to become ciliated simple columnar in smaller bronchioles
This quiz is about the different types of para-nasal sinuses and their locations. It also asks about the largest sinus and the one most likely to get infected.
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