Delta Cells and Blood Glucose Regulation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the predominant abnormality in the early stage of type 2 diabetes?

Reduced insulin sensitivity

What characterizes type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Insulin resistance combined with relatively reduced insulin secretion

What are the risks to the baby associated with untreated gestational diabetes?

Macrosomia, congenital cardiac and central nervous system anomalies, skeletal muscle malformations

What is the key regulator of insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta cells?

<p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism in the liver?

<p>Stimulates glycogen synthesis, inhibits glycogenolysis, inhibits gluconeogenesis, increases glucose utilization (glycolysis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glucagon in maintaining blood glucose levels?

<p>Glucagon helps maintain the level of glucose in the blood by promoting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three common symptoms of diabetes?

<p>Polyuria (Frequent urination), Polydipsia (Excessive thirst), Polyphagia (Extreme hunger)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and when does it occur?

<p>DKA occurs when blood sugar levels are very high and insulin levels are low. It occurs commonly in type 1 diabetes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical effects of hypoglycemia?

<p>Sweating, shaking, tachycardia, confusion, poor concentration, and coma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is lactose intolerance and what causes it?

<p>Intolerance to lactose (the sugar of milk) caused by deficiency of enzyme lactase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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