Questions and Answers
What arrhythmia is interpreted for a 12-year-old child displaying a specific ECG waveform?
Second degree
Which test would a provider use to determine the adequacy of oxygen delivery for a child who has been vomiting and is lethargic?
Lactate
What condition is indicated by decreased breath sounds, bradycardia, and low O2 saturation in a 9-year-old patient?
Respiratory failure
What should be the first action taken for a 4-year-old child with gasping respirations and a pulse rate of 65 bpm?
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What arrhythmia does a rhythm strip obtained from a 15-year-old patient diagnosed with Lyme disease indicate?
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What findings may indicate a child is experiencing post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS)?
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Which actions by providers demonstrate high-quality CPR in a 2-year-old child who is unresponsive?
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For which rhythms would defibrillation be appropriate in a child experiencing cardiac arrest?
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How is hypotension described in relation to shock?
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What should the oxygen saturation above which supplemental oxygen should be maintained for a 4-year-old?
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Which medication would a team administer first for a severe asthma exacerbation in an 11-year-old?
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What circulation finding might be present in a child with respiratory distress?
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What indicators may document increased work of breathing in a child?
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What intervention is prepared for a child with unstable wide-complex tachycardia and hemodynamic compromise?
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What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in a 4-month-old infant?
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Study Notes
Arrhythmias and Cardiac Conditions
- Second-degree heart block identified in a 12-year-old child with ECG waveform abnormalities.
- First-degree atrioventricular (AV) block detected in a 15-year-old patient post-Lyme disease diagnosis.
- Signs of unstable wide-complex tachycardia in an 11-year-old child warrant synchronized electrical cardioversion due to hemodynamic compromise.
- Sudden infant death syndrome recognized as the leading cause of cardiac arrest in a 4-month-old infant.
Respiratory Assessment and Interventions
- Respiratory failure indicated in a 9-year-old showing decreased breath sounds, bradycardia, and low oxygen saturation.
- High-quality CPR protocol emphasized in an unresponsive 2-year-old, requiring full chest recoil and proper ventilation techniques.
- In respiratory distress, pallor noted as an associated circulation finding.
- Increased work of breathing illustrated through nasal flaring and retractions and emphasized the need for immediate assessment of respiratory effort.
Emergency Interventions and Treatment Protocols
- Lactate test used to evaluate oxygen delivery in a vomiting and lethargic child.
- Immediate delivery of Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM) ventilation recommended for a 4-year-old with gasping respirations and bradycardia.
- Albuterol plus ipratropium bromide treatment indicated for severe asthma exacerbation in an 11-year-old soccer player.
- Oxygen administration should aim to maintain saturation levels above 94% for a child experiencing difficulty breathing.
Shock and Circulatory Findings
- Hypotension noted as an inconsistent feature of shock; not all patients will exhibit this symptom.
- Systemic response to ischemia/reperfusion confirmed by signs of hypotension, fever, and hyperglycemia in a child post-cardiac arrest.
Defibrillation Criteria
- Defibrillation appropriate for shockable rhythms: Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) and Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia (pVT).
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards designed for the Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) updated final exam. Each card presents real-life scenarios to evaluate your understanding of critical care for pediatric patients. Suitable for medical professionals preparing for exams.
