Palladium Catalysis Quiz

A crucial method in organic synthesis, employing palladium as a catalyst to form carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bonds.

A specific type of palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction, frequently used to create carbon-carbon bonds.

A major field of catalysis in organic chemistry, involving metals like palladium in bond formation reactions.

A catalysis method in organic chemistry, not involving metals but using organic molecules as catalysts.

A characteristic of palladium catalysis, enabling diverse types of molecules to participate in the reactions without interfering.

Methods that speed up chemical reactions, essential for efficient and cost-effective synthesis of molecules.

An award recognizing exceptional contributions to chemistry.

Creation of bonds between carbon atoms.

Active catalyst in cross-coupling reactions.

Preparing Pd(0) catalyst from Pd(II) in situ for cross-coupling reactions.

A set of catalysts developed to quickly form Pd(0). (Now commercial).

Mechanism for forming Pd(0) from Pd(II).

A crucial step in palladium catalysis where a palladium atom bonds with two different atoms or groups in a molecule

A chemical reaction where a metal in a complex is replaced by another metal

Reaction steps involving palladium, boron-containing compounds and base.

Boron-containing molecules are used to link with different molecules. The boron compounds are often esters or acids.

A process where one reaction step is repeated in a series to create progressively more complex molecules.

These ligands are used in palladium catalysis to enhance the reactivity of the palladium complex, particularly with sterically hindered substrates.

A palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction that joins an organotin compound with an organic halide. It's widely used in organic synthesis, particularly for forming carbon-carbon bonds.

A palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction involving an organosilicon compound and an organic halide. This reaction is known for its high functional group tolerance.

A palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction joining an organomagnesium compound with an organic halide, primarily used for carbon-carbon bond formation.

A palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction involving an organozinc compound and an organic halide. It's effective for forming carbon-carbon bonds and is known for its broad substrate scope.

A process in palladium catalysis where carbon monoxide is introduced into the reaction, resulting in the formation of carbonyl groups in the final product.

Bulky electron-rich ligands increase the reactivity of palladium complexes, making them more effective in promoting oxidative addition reactions, especially with sterically hindered aryl halides. This allows for efficient coupling reactions with these challenging substrates

These complexes are more reactive in oxidative addition, which is a key step in palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions. Their ability to accommodate a wider variety of substrates makes them particularly useful for coupling reactions involving sterically hindered aryl halides.

A palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction where a terminal alkyne reacts with an aryl or vinyl halide. The reaction requires copper to generate a copper acetylide, acting as the catalyst.

A palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction involving an alkene and an aryl or vinyl halide. Forms a new carbon-carbon bond by adding the aryl or vinyl group to the alkene.

Different forms of the Heck reaction, distinguished by the palladium catalyst's oxidation state. Neutral Heck uses Pd(0) and cationic Heck uses Pd(II).

A specific spatial arrangement required for β-hydride elimination in the Heck reaction. The carbon-palladium bond and the β-hydrogen must be on the same plane, with a dihedral angle of 0°.

Alternative reaction pathways in the Heck reaction when syn-coplanarity for β-hydride elimination isn't possible. Involves a series of steps leading to product formation.

A reversible process in the Heck reaction where the double bond of the product can shift to a different position. Also known as positional isomerization.

A key step in the Heck mechanism. Palladium removes a hydrogen atom from a carbon atom adjacent to the palladium-carbon bond, forming a new double bond.

A palladium-catalyzed reaction forming carbon-nitrogen bonds between an aryl or vinyl halide and an amine. It's a powerful tool in organic synthesis, particularly for creating pharmaceuticals.

A palladium-catalyzed reaction where an allyl compound is reacted with a nucleophile to form a new carbon-carbon bond. It's highly versatile and used in synthesis for various organic transformations.

The ability to control where the new carbon-carbon bond forms in a Tsuji-Trost reaction, favoring either a linear or branched outcome.

Using starting molecules with existing stereochemistry (chirality) to control the stereochemistry of the newly formed product in Tsuji-Trost reactions.

Controlling the stereochemistry of the product by attaching a chiral ligand (molecule) to the palladium catalyst in Tsuji-Trost reactions.

Palladium acts as a catalyst in Tsuji-Trost reactions, speeding up bond formations and promoting reaction efficiency.

Chiral ligands attached to the palladium catalyst are crucial for controlling stereoselectivity in asymmetric Tsuji-Trost reactions, leading to the formation of a specific enantiomer of the product.