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Questions and Answers
Why does pure palladium resist tarnishing under normal conditions?
Why does pure palladium resist tarnishing under normal conditions?
- It actively repels oxygen molecules in the air.
- It does not readily react with oxygen at standard temperatures. (correct)
- It dissolves any substances that could cause tarnishing.
- It forms a protective layer of iron oxide that prevents corrosion.
What is the key difference between tarnish and patina when discussing palladium?
What is the key difference between tarnish and patina when discussing palladium?
- Tarnish only appears on palladium-plated items, while patina appears on pure palladium.
- Tarnish is considered desirable and enhances the appearance of palladium, while patina is always unwanted.
- Tarnish is a result of chemical reactions with harsh chemicals, while patina develops from normal wear and scratches. (correct)
- There is no difference; the terms are interchangeable.
Which of the following scenarios could potentially affect the appearance of palladium jewelry, even though palladium itself resists tarnishing?
Which of the following scenarios could potentially affect the appearance of palladium jewelry, even though palladium itself resists tarnishing?
- A large house fire reaching high temperatures. (correct)
- Exposing the jewelry to household vinegar.
- Exposing the jewelry to moist air.
- Wearing the jewelry while swimming in a chlorinated pool.
Why is it not recommended to use toothpaste or baking soda to clean palladium jewelry, despite palladium's resistance to tarnishing?
Why is it not recommended to use toothpaste or baking soda to clean palladium jewelry, despite palladium's resistance to tarnishing?
If palladium-plated brass jewelry tarnishes, what is the most likely cause?
If palladium-plated brass jewelry tarnishes, what is the most likely cause?
What happens when palladium is exposed to hydrogen peroxide?
What happens when palladium is exposed to hydrogen peroxide?
Which of the following statements best summarizes the behavior of pure palladium when exposed to various substances?
Which of the following statements best summarizes the behavior of pure palladium when exposed to various substances?
Why doesn't pure palladium tarnish when exposed to lemon juice?
Why doesn't pure palladium tarnish when exposed to lemon juice?
What is the primary reason why palladium-plated brass can tarnish even though palladium itself is tarnish-resistant?
What is the primary reason why palladium-plated brass can tarnish even though palladium itself is tarnish-resistant?
Is it safe to wear palladium jewelry in chlorinated pools, and why?
Is it safe to wear palladium jewelry in chlorinated pools, and why?
Flashcards
Palladium Patina
Palladium Patina
A surface layer that develops over time due to scratches and wear, giving the metal a matte finish, distinct from tarnish.
Does palladium tarnish in water?
Does palladium tarnish in water?
No, palladium doesn't react with water, saltwater, or chlorinated water.
Does palladium tarnish in vinegar?
Does palladium tarnish in vinegar?
No, it is too weakly acidic to cause a reaction.
Does palladium tarnish in hydrogen peroxide?
Does palladium tarnish in hydrogen peroxide?
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Does palladium tarnish in nitric acid?
Does palladium tarnish in nitric acid?
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Does palladium tarnish in lemon juice?
Does palladium tarnish in lemon juice?
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Does pure palladium tarnish in moist air?
Does pure palladium tarnish in moist air?
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Does pure palladium tarnish in chlorine?
Does pure palladium tarnish in chlorine?
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Does palladium tarnish in bleach?
Does palladium tarnish in bleach?
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Does palladium rust or tarnish?
Does palladium rust or tarnish?
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Study Notes
Palladium and Tarnishing
- Palladium does not tarnish at normal temperatures because it doesn't react with oxygen
Palladium Tarnish Explained
- What might appear to be palladium tarnish is actually a patina
- The patina develops over time due to scratches and general wear
- Patina gives palladium a matte finish
Water Exposure
- Palladium does not tarnish when exposed to water, including salt water and chlorinated water
- Palladium-made jewelry and IRA-approved palladium bullion can be safely cleaned with water
Vinegar Exposure
- Palladium will not tarnish when exposed to vinegar, due to vinegar being a weak acid
Hydrogen Peroxide Exposure
- Palladium does not tarnish when exposed to hydrogen peroxide
- Surface oxidation still occurs, which will form a thin layer of palladium oxide (PdO)
- Professional cleaning will be required
Nitric Acid Exposure
- Palladium does not tarnish when exposed to nitric acid
- Concentrated nitric acid can dissolve and corrode palladium items, but it can’t tarnish them
- This is because pure palladium as a noble metal doesn’t tarnish under any circumstance
Lemon Juice Exposure
- Palladium does not tarnish when exposed to lemon juice
- Lemon juice is weakly acidic, and can be used to clean palladium jewelry
Exposure to Moist Air
- Pure palladium doesn't tarnish when exposed to moist air
- It does not react with oxygen at standard temperatures
- If heated above 800°C, a layer of palladium(II) oxide (PdO) can form
Chlorine Exposure
- Pure palladium does not tarnish in chlorine
- Palladium can be safely worn in chlorinated pools
Bleach Exposure
- Palladium does not tarnish when exposed to bleach
- It is still not advised, as bleach can discolor, damage, and corrode palladium jewelry
Toothpaste Exposure
- Palladium does not tarnish when exposed to toothpaste
- Toothpaste can scratch palladium due to its abrasive nature
Baking Soda Exposure
- Palladium does not tarnish when exposed to baking soda, as it is naturally resistant to oxidation and corrosion
- Baking soda is abrasive and should not be used to clean palladium jewelry
Flame Exposure
- Palladium does not tarnish when exposed to flame or fire
- Palladium discolors at high temperatures (above 400°C/752°F) and melts at 1554.9 °C (2831 °F)
Alcohol Exposure
- Palladium does not tarnish when exposed to alcohol
- Isopropyl alcohol can be used to clean palladium jewelry
Makeup Exposure
- Palladium does not tarnish when exposed to makeup
- It is a very durable precious metal
Palladium-Plated Brass
- Palladium-plated brass tarnishes when the palladium coating is damaged
- Tarnishing happens when the exposed brass reacts with oxygen, moisture, and skin oils
Rust or Tarnish
- Palladium neither rusts nor tarnishes
- Only iron can oxidize and rust, palladium and other precious metals can't
Palladium 999
- Palladium 999 does not tarnish, as it is the purest form of this precious metal
- Palladium 950 and palladium 500 are also tarnish-resistant
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