Paleolithic Village Excavation and Mesoithic Development Quiz

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Which era is characterized by the development of human culture, including the development of language, representational art in cave paintings and figurines, and the practice of burying the dead?

Paleolithic era

What type of tools were commonly used in the Paleolithic era?

Stone and bone tools

In architecture, a corbel is a short structural member projecting from a wall or column. What is the distinctive feature of corbels?

Triangular arrangement of members

Which era falls between the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras?

Mesolithic era Signup and view all the answers

What architectural feature is created with multiple arches and used for support?

Vault Signup and view all the answers

Which era is known for the introduction of agriculture, domestication of animals, and the development of settled communities?

Neolithic era Signup and view all the answers

What type of bones were used to construct the huts in the Paleolithic village in Mezhirich?

Mammoth bones Signup and view all the answers

Which era saw the development of agriculture and the use of fashioned stone tools called microliths?

Mesolithic era Signup and view all the answers

What material was typically used for building huts in the Mesolithic era?

Bones, animal hides, reeds, and grass Signup and view all the answers

Which material was not commonly used for constructing huts in the early architectural periods mentioned?

Concrete and steel Signup and view all the answers

Which Neolithic village is known for being built up of layers of flat stones?

Skara Brae Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of the structures in Skara Brae as noted in the text?

Eight clustered houses Signup and view all the answers

What hard materials were chiefly used in the Bronze Age for manufacturing implements and weapons?

Copper and bronze Signup and view all the answers

In which era did the mastery of ironworking techniques revolutionize the way people lived, worked, and interacted with their environment?

Iron Age Signup and view all the answers

What type of dwellings were often found beneath waterfalls, characterized as shallow cave-like openings?

Rock shelters Signup and view all the answers

What was the architectural system where stones were stacked without mortar to form a corbelled structure that sloped inward?

Corbelled structural system Signup and view all the answers

Which early dwelling type was constructed using buffalo hide as a large covering wrapped around a frame made of long poles tied together?

Wigwam/Teepee Signup and view all the answers

Which era is characterized by the use of copper and bronze, while the mastery of ironworking techniques belongs to a later period?

Bronze Age Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Paleolithic Era

A Paleolithic village was excavated in Mezhirich, Ukraine, dating back to approximately 15,000 BCE
The village had huts made of woolly mammoth bones, providing an intricate framework for structures
Huts ranged in diameter from 13 to 33 feet, with some having ashes and charred bones suggesting the presence of a hearth inside

Mesolithic Era

Development of Agriculture
Use of fashioned stone tools (microliths)
Use of animal hides for body coverings
Building huts from bones, animal hides, reeds, and grass, and from tree trunks and leaves
Made canoes for fishing
Animal hides used for warmth and to avoid threats from wild animals

Neolithic Era

Dependence on domesticated plants or animals over hunting and gathering
Use of stone tools shaped by polishing or grinding
Pottery and Weaving
Use of stone and mud for huts
Burial rituals

Skara Brae

A Neolithic village located in the Orkney archipelago of Scotland
Consists of eight clustered houses, inhabited from 3180 BCE to 2500 BCE
Structures built up of layers of flat stones

Pre-historic Architecture

A solution to a basic need - protection from weather, wild animals, and even
A time before mankind was capable of recording its history in writing

Structural Principles

Post and Lintel: two vertical columns or pillars support a horizontal beam or slab
Arch: a curved form found in architecture that can support itself
Vault: a structural form used for support and created with multiple arches
Corbel: a short structural cantilever member projecting from a wall or a column for the purpose of carrying loads
Truss: a triangular arrangement of members, ensuring optimal strength and stability

Early Stages

Stone Age:
- Paleolithic: Hunters and Gatherers, basic stone and bone tools, lived in caves and rock shelters
- Mesolithic: Development of Agriculture, use of fashioned stone tools, animal hides for body coverings
- Neolithic: Dependence on domesticated plants or animals, use of stone tools shaped by polishing or grinding
Bronze Age: Characterized by the use of copper and bronze as the chief hard materials
Iron Age: Characterized by the mastery of ironworking techniques

Types of Dwellings

Rock Cave
Tent (Hut & Teepee are examples of Truss system)
Hut: a small dwelling, constructed of various local materials
Wigwam/Teepee: built using long poles as the frame, covered with buffalo hide
Hoga: a primitive Indian structure of joined logs or occasionally stone, covered with mud, dirt, or sometimes sod
Igloo: constructed on snow blocks with an entrance tunnel