40 Questions
What type of stimuli do nociceptors respond to?
Noxious or potentially damaging stimuli
What is the form of nociceptors histologically?
Free nerve endings
What is the mechanism of transduction in nociceptors?
Chemically mediated
Where do nociceptors transmit signals to in the spinal cord?
Dorsal horn
What is the role of calcium ions in generator potentials?
Playing a significant role in the production of generator potentials
What is the function of mediators in nociceptors?
To selectively change the permeability of the receptor
What is the effect of mediators on the receptor in nociceptors?
They produce a generator potential
What is the route of transmission of signals from nociceptors?
Via the peripheral nerves to the dorsal horn, then to the midbrain and finally to the sensory cortex
What type of fiberspredominate in the trigeminal nerve?
Afferent fibres
What is the location of the ganglion of the trigeminal nerve?
Equivalent to the dorsal root ganglion
What is the pathway for nociceptive inputs from the trigeminal nerve?
Trigeminothalamic tract to ventroposterior nuclei of brainstem
What is the characteristic of pain localisation from the skin surface?
Very precise
What is the characteristic of pain localisation from deeper structures?
Vague
What is the unique feature of the trigeminal nerve in terms of sensory perception from within the tooth pulp?
There is no sensory perception
What is the trigeminal nerve broadly analogous to?
Spinal nerves
What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?
Ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular
What type of pain is associated with autonomic responses?
Dull burning sensation
What is the result of stimulation of thalamic nuclei?
Intense pain
What is the role of the sensory cortex in pain perception?
Important for interpretation of qualities of pain sensation
What is the difference between physiological and affective responses to pain?
Affective responses are more relevant to patients and clinicians
What is the consequence of missing experiences in early childhood in terms of pain responses?
Difficulty in learning appropriate responses later
What is congenital insensitivity to pain characterized by?
Either absence of all reactions to noxious stimuli, or missing Aδ and C fibre afferents
What is the result of stimulation of the reticular formation?
Arousal and origin of autonomic responses
What type of pain is described as 'sharp, well localized, and fades quickly'?
Pain from Aδ mechanoreceptive nociceptors
What can chronic pain produce, apart from emotional effects?
Both physical manifestations and emotional effects
According to the gate theory, what acts as a gate for the sensory input from the trigeminal nerve?
Nucleus caudalis
What is a common feature of chronic pain, regardless of its origin?
Unknown changes in CNS
What is a result of chronic pain over time?
Sensitisation
What is the main difference between chronic and acute pain?
Duration
What is an example of a condition that can cause chronic pain?
All of the above
What is the result of chronic pain on external pain stimulus?
Dissociation
What is the biopsychosocial model of pain related to the trigeminal nerve?
Gate theory
Where would a second-order nociceptive neuron from the left lower limb normally synapse onto?
Left ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus
Where do C fibres synapse within the spinal cord?
Substantia gelatinosa
What is the result of increasing the size of the receptive fields and receptor density in the forepaws?
Increased sensitivity of the mouse forepaws
Which of the following changes would NOT increase the sensitivity of the mouse forepaws?
Reducing the size of the receptive fields and reducing the receptor density
What is the function of the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus?
Relaying sensory information from the spinal cord to the primary somatosensory cortex
Which of the following is NOT a location where fibres C terminate?
Ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus
What is the effect of increasing the receptor density in the forepaws?
Increased sensitivity of the mouse forepaws
What is the target of the second-order nociceptive neuron from the lower limb?
Ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus
This quiz covers the basics of pain pathways, including the transduction, transmission, and modulation of pain signals. It also delves into the role of nociceptors in responding to noxious stimuli.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
