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Questions and Answers
What physiological effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy is described by the decrease in size of trapped gas bubbles?
Which of the following conditions is NOT listed as potentially benefiting from hyperbaric oxygen therapy?
What is a defining characteristic of a monoplace chamber used for hyperbaric oxygen therapy?
How does hyperbaric oxygen therapy help improve oxygen transport in the body?
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What does hyperbaric oxygen therapy increase that helps in fighting infections?
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Which of the following statements correctly describes the multiplace chamber in hyperbaric oxygen therapy?
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Which of the following best describes the lethal effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on microorganisms?
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Which of the following conditions indicates the need for oxygen therapy in patients breathing room air?
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What is the primary characteristic of a high-flow oxygen delivery system?
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How is the FIO2 increased when using a nasal cannula according to the 'Rule of 4's'?
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What could a PaO2 of 56-59 mmHg indicate when measured in a sub-acute setting?
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What describes a nasal catheter compared to a nasal cannula?
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What is a clinical application of helium-oxygen therapy?
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Which concentration of helium-oxygen mixture is used in therapy?
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What factor is used to correct the actual flow rate of the gas in an 80:20 helium-oxygen mixture?
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Which of the following gases is primarily delivered through the I-NOvent?
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Which condition is specifically treated with inhaled nitric oxide therapy?
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What is a potential danger associated with nitric oxide therapy?
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What is the primary physiological effect of helium in helium-oxygen therapy?
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What type of chamber is specifically designed for one patient at a time?
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What is a correction factor used for a 70:30 helium-oxygen mixture?
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What is the method of action of inhaled nitric oxide?
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Study Notes
Oxygen Enclosures and Environmental Devices
- Mist Tents (Croupettes) are primarily used for aerosol therapy, allowing some control over FIO2.
- Nursing care for mist tents can be challenging due to sealing difficulties.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT)
- Defined as exposing patients to pressure greater than one atmosphere while breathing 100% oxygen.
- Physiological effects include reduction of trapped gas bubbles and enhanced oxygen transport in plasma up to 1500 mmHg.
- Benefits include improved elimination of gases like nitrogen and carbon monoxide.
Conditions Treated with HBOT
- Effective in treating gas gangrene, radiation necrosis, CO/cyanide poisoning, ischemic tissue transplants, necrotizing infections, decompression sickness, and trauma.
Physiological Effects of HBOT
- Boosts white blood cell effectiveness against infections and promotes neovascularization in poorly perfused tissues.
- Lethal effects on anaerobic microorganisms.
Equipment for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
- Monoplace Chamber: Holds one patient at a time and typically pressurized with oxygen.
- Multiplace Chamber: Accommodates multiple patients, can use room air or oxygen via non-rebreather masks.
Helium-Oxygen (Heliox) Therapy
- Utilizes low density to improve gas flow around obstructions; recommended for asthma exacerbations, post-extubation stridor, refractory croup, and severe airway obstruction.
- Available gas mixtures include 80% Helium/20% Oxygen, 70% Helium/30% Oxygen, and 60% Helium/40% Oxygen.
Flow Calculation for Heliox
- Actual flow rates deviate from typical flowmeter readings due to the low density of gas.
- Correction factors:
- 80:20—1.8 times flow
- 70:30—1.6 times flow
- 60:40—1.4 times flow
Carbon Dioxide/Oxygen Therapy
- CO2/O2 therapy is utilized for various disorders, available in 5%/95% and 7%/93% mixtures.
Nitric Oxide (NO) Therapy
- Administered to treat persistent pulmonary hypertension in newborns.
- Highly reactive, can form nitrogen dioxide or nitric acid upon reaction.
- Delivered via the I-NOvent with the risk of rebound vasoconstriction if weaned too quickly.
Indications for Oxygen Therapy
- Hypoxemia is characterized by:
- PaO2 < 60 mmHg or SaO2 < 90% in acute care.
- PaO2 < 55 mmHg or SaO2 < 88% in sub-acute or home care.
- Specific criteria for sub-acute/home care settings include various respiratory conditions.
Oxygen Delivery Systems
- High-Flow Systems: Meet all patient inspiratory needs.
- Low-Flow Systems: Partial inspiratory flow needs; includes various devices.
Low-Flow Oxygen Delivery Devices
- Include Nasal Cannula, Reservoir Cannula, Transtracheal Catheter, Simple Oxygen Mask, Partial Non-Rebreathing Masks, and HiOx80 Disposable High FIO2 Oxygen Mask.
- Nasal Cannula delivers up to 44% oxygen, with FIO2 dependent on tidal volume and respiratory rate.
Specifics of Nasal Cannula
- Delivers 1-6 LPM into the anatomical reservoir and operates on the "Rule of 4's":
- Start at 20% FIO2 and add 4% per liter of oxygen.
- The anatomical reservoir is approximately 50 ml.
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Description
This quiz covers the various types of oxygen enclosures and environmental devices used in nursing care, with a particular focus on mist tents, also known as croupettes. Learn about their application in aerosol therapy and the challenges in nursing care associated with their use.
