Oxygen Enclosures in Nursing Care
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Questions and Answers

What physiological effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy is described by the decrease in size of trapped gas bubbles?

  • Effect described by Boyle's Law (correct)
  • Increased ability of white blood cells to fight infections
  • Supersaturation of plasma with oxygen
  • Improved oxygen transport

    • Which of the following conditions is NOT listed as potentially benefiting from hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (correct)
  • Gas gangrene
  • Severe acute anemia
  • Decompression sickness

    • What is a defining characteristic of a monoplace chamber used for hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

  • Pressurized with room air only
  • Accommodates multiple patients at once
  • Typically pressurized with oxygen (correct)
  • Requires no healthcare provider supervision

    • How does hyperbaric oxygen therapy help improve oxygen transport in the body?

    <p>By supersaturating plasma with oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hyperbaric oxygen therapy increase that helps in fighting infections?

    <p>Ability of white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes the multiplace chamber in hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

    <p>Allows more than one patient at a time and may involve various oxygen delivery methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the lethal effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on microorganisms?

    <p>Is lethal to anaerobic microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions indicates the need for oxygen therapy in patients breathing room air?

    <p>PaO2 &lt; 55 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a high-flow oxygen delivery system?

    <p>Delivers all of the patient’s inspiratory flow needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the FIO2 increased when using a nasal cannula according to the 'Rule of 4's'?

    <p>By starting with 20% and adding 4% for every 1 L of O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could a PaO2 of 56-59 mmHg indicate when measured in a sub-acute setting?

    <p>Potential implementation of low-flow oxygen therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes a nasal catheter compared to a nasal cannula?

    <p>More invasive and positioned deeper in the airway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a clinical application of helium-oxygen therapy?

    <p>Exacerbation of asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concentration of helium-oxygen mixture is used in therapy?

    <p>80% Helium and 20% Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is used to correct the actual flow rate of the gas in an 80:20 helium-oxygen mixture?

    <p>1.8 × liter flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gases is primarily delivered through the I-NOvent?

    <p>Nitric oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is specifically treated with inhaled nitric oxide therapy?

    <p>Persistent pulmonary hypertension in newborns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential danger associated with nitric oxide therapy?

    <p>NO2 formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary physiological effect of helium in helium-oxygen therapy?

    <p>Improves ability to move around obstructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chamber is specifically designed for one patient at a time?

    <p>Monoplace hyperbaric chamber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a correction factor used for a 70:30 helium-oxygen mixture?

    <p>1.6 × liter flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method of action of inhaled nitric oxide?

    <p>Short-acting and directly delivered to the lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Oxygen Enclosures and Environmental Devices

    • Mist Tents (Croupettes) are primarily used for aerosol therapy, allowing some control over FIO2.
    • Nursing care for mist tents can be challenging due to sealing difficulties.

    Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT)

    • Defined as exposing patients to pressure greater than one atmosphere while breathing 100% oxygen.
    • Physiological effects include reduction of trapped gas bubbles and enhanced oxygen transport in plasma up to 1500 mmHg.
    • Benefits include improved elimination of gases like nitrogen and carbon monoxide.

    Conditions Treated with HBOT

    • Effective in treating gas gangrene, radiation necrosis, CO/cyanide poisoning, ischemic tissue transplants, necrotizing infections, decompression sickness, and trauma.

    Physiological Effects of HBOT

    • Boosts white blood cell effectiveness against infections and promotes neovascularization in poorly perfused tissues.
    • Lethal effects on anaerobic microorganisms.

    Equipment for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

    • Monoplace Chamber: Holds one patient at a time and typically pressurized with oxygen.
    • Multiplace Chamber: Accommodates multiple patients, can use room air or oxygen via non-rebreather masks.

    Helium-Oxygen (Heliox) Therapy

    • Utilizes low density to improve gas flow around obstructions; recommended for asthma exacerbations, post-extubation stridor, refractory croup, and severe airway obstruction.
    • Available gas mixtures include 80% Helium/20% Oxygen, 70% Helium/30% Oxygen, and 60% Helium/40% Oxygen.

    Flow Calculation for Heliox

    • Actual flow rates deviate from typical flowmeter readings due to the low density of gas.
    • Correction factors:
      • 80:20—1.8 times flow
      • 70:30—1.6 times flow
      • 60:40—1.4 times flow

    Carbon Dioxide/Oxygen Therapy

    • CO2/O2 therapy is utilized for various disorders, available in 5%/95% and 7%/93% mixtures.

    Nitric Oxide (NO) Therapy

    • Administered to treat persistent pulmonary hypertension in newborns.
    • Highly reactive, can form nitrogen dioxide or nitric acid upon reaction.
    • Delivered via the I-NOvent with the risk of rebound vasoconstriction if weaned too quickly.

    Indications for Oxygen Therapy

    • Hypoxemia is characterized by:
      • PaO2 < 60 mmHg or SaO2 < 90% in acute care.
      • PaO2 < 55 mmHg or SaO2 < 88% in sub-acute or home care.
    • Specific criteria for sub-acute/home care settings include various respiratory conditions.

    Oxygen Delivery Systems

    • High-Flow Systems: Meet all patient inspiratory needs.
    • Low-Flow Systems: Partial inspiratory flow needs; includes various devices.

    Low-Flow Oxygen Delivery Devices

    • Include Nasal Cannula, Reservoir Cannula, Transtracheal Catheter, Simple Oxygen Mask, Partial Non-Rebreathing Masks, and HiOx80 Disposable High FIO2 Oxygen Mask.
    • Nasal Cannula delivers up to 44% oxygen, with FIO2 dependent on tidal volume and respiratory rate.

    Specifics of Nasal Cannula

    • Delivers 1-6 LPM into the anatomical reservoir and operates on the "Rule of 4's":
      • Start at 20% FIO2 and add 4% per liter of oxygen.
    • The anatomical reservoir is approximately 50 ml.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the various types of oxygen enclosures and environmental devices used in nursing care, with a particular focus on mist tents, also known as croupettes. Learn about their application in aerosol therapy and the challenges in nursing care associated with their use.

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