Oxidative Phosphorylation and Electron Transport Chain
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Questions and Answers

Which process involves the transfer of electrons through a series of proteins?

  • Oxidative Phosphorylation (correct)
  • Citric Acid Cycle
  • Glycolysis
  • Fermentation

    • What is the primary role of electron carriers in oxidative phosphorylation?

  • To transport electrons between complexes (correct)
  • To facilitate substrate-level phosphorylation
  • To generate ATP directly
  • To provide structural support to the membrane

    • What molecule releases the most energy when oxidized during oxidative phosphorylation?

  • Fatty acids
  • NADH (correct)
  • Lactate
  • Glucose

    • Which component is impermeable to H+ ions in the oxidative phosphorylation process?

    <p>Inner mitochondrial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of phosphorylation in the context of oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>To add phosphate groups to ADP to form ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of ATP synthase in oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>To facilitate the conversion of ADP and Pi into ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule acts as the terminal electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the proton gradient established during oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>Intermembrane space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of reduced FAD in the electron transport chain?

    <p>To donate electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many protons (H+) are required for the synthesis of one molecule of ATP in oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What byproduct is formed when oxygen accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport chain?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the position of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

    <p>Inner layer that separates the matrix from the intermembrane space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do NADH and FADH2 play in the process of oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>They serve as electron donors to the electron transport chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the removal of electrons from a molecule?

    <p>Dehydrogenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is typically associated with releasing the most energy upon oxidation?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of electron carriers in oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>To transfer electrons during cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for preventing H+ ions from crossing the membrane?

    <p>Phospholipid bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism is used for hydrogen ion transport in oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does phosphorylation refer to in the context of oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport allows hydrogen ions to move down their concentration gradient?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of enzymes in oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>To catalyze biochemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is indicated by the arrows showing dehydrogenation?

    <p>The removal of hydrogen atoms from a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is known to release the most energy upon oxidation?

    <p>Fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do electron carriers play in oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>They facilitate the transfer of electrons through the electron transport chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the phospholipid bilayer in the context of hydrogen ion transport?

    <p>It prevents hydrogen ions from passing through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is indicated by arrows showing active transport of hydrogen ions?

    <p>Movement of H+ ions against a concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key role does oxygen play in the electron transport chain?

    <p>It serves as an electron acceptor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the diffusion of hydrogen ions in oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>Allows H+ ions to flow down their concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the electron transport chain, how do NADH and FADH2 transfer electrons?

    <p>They pass electrons one at a time without accompanying hydrogen ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does phosphorylation in oxidative phosphorylation lead to?

    <p>Conversion of ADP to ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the energy released as electrons move down the electron transport chain?

    <p>To pump hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about electron transport in oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>Electrons are transferred in a series of steps to gradually release energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the order of components in the electron transport chain based on their electronegativity?

    <p>NADH dehydrogenase, Ubiquinone, Cytochrome b-c1 complex, Cytochrome c, Cytochrome oxidase complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the hydrogen ions that accompany electrons when NADH and FADH2 pass them to the electron transport chain?

    <p>They remain in the mitochondrial matrix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Oxidative Phosphorylation

    • A process that couples the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 by the electron transport chain with the synthesis of ATP by phosphorylation of ADP.
    • Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage of aerobic respiration.
    • The electron transport chain is embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
    • Electrons donated by NADH and FADH2 are transported through the chain, providing the energy to pump H+ ions into the intermembrane space.
    • Oxygen is the final electron acceptor.
    • Oxygen is converted to water.

    NAD+ and FAD

    • When NAD+ accepts electrons, it accepts two electrons and one hydrogen ion.
    • FAD accepts two electrons and two hydrogen ions.
    • NADH and FADH2 pass their electrons on to the electron acceptors in the ETC, passing only one at a time.
    • The hydrogen ions do not accompany the electrons, they stay in the matrix.

    Electron Transport Chain

    • The components of the ETC are arranged in order of increasing electronegativity, from weakest to strongest.
    • NADH dehydrogenase, ubiquinone, Cytochrome b-c1 complex, Cytochrome c, Cytochrome oxidase complex.
    • NADH passes its electrons on to the first protein complex, NADH dehydrogenase, and FADH2 transfers its electrons to Ubiquinone, the second component of the chain.
    • The electrons are passed down the chain of proteins.
    • As electrons move down the chain, they lose potential energy.
    • This energy is used to pump H+ ions from the matrix into the fluid filled intermembrane space.
    • This creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
    • The proton gradient is used to generate ATP via ATP synthase.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the processes of oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration. It explores the roles of NADH, FADH2, and the final electron acceptor, oxygen. Test your understanding of how these processes contribute to ATP synthesis in cells.

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