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Questions and Answers
What is the function of the 'naos' within a classical temple?
What is the function of the 'naos' within a classical temple?
- To serve as a dining hall for social events.
- To house the cult image of the deity. (correct)
- To function as the outermost colonnade of the temple.
- To act as a public town hall for citizens.
How does a 'peripteral' temple differ from a temple that is not 'peripteral'?
How does a 'peripteral' temple differ from a temple that is not 'peripteral'?
- It has a double line of columns surrounding the 'naos'. (correct)
- It does not feature a 'naos'.
- It lacks a portico in front of the main entrance.
- It has a single line of columns surrounding it.
In ancient Greek theaters, what purpose did the 'diazoma' serve?
In ancient Greek theaters, what purpose did the 'diazoma' serve?
- It housed state banquet halls and hospitality suites.
- It separated audience tiers and provided access. (correct)
- It was a public town hall for citizens.
- It functioned as a stage for actors.
What is the primary distinguishing characteristic of a 'caryatid' in classical architecture?
What is the primary distinguishing characteristic of a 'caryatid' in classical architecture?
The 'Odeion' is best described by which of the following?
The 'Odeion' is best described by which of the following?
How does 'opus incertum' compare to other forms of Roman masonry?
How does 'opus incertum' compare to other forms of Roman masonry?
What was the function of the compluvium in a classical Roman house?
What was the function of the compluvium in a classical Roman house?
What defined an 'Amphitheater' in contrast to a greek theatre?
What defined an 'Amphitheater' in contrast to a greek theatre?
What was the primary function of tabernae in Roman insulae?
What was the primary function of tabernae in Roman insulae?
Which of the following best describes the two main sections of a Roman villa?
Which of the following best describes the two main sections of a Roman villa?
What is the primary structural role of voussoirs in Roman architecture?
What is the primary structural role of voussoirs in Roman architecture?
Which architectural element is typically found beneath the corona of a Corinthian cornice?
Which architectural element is typically found beneath the corona of a Corinthian cornice?
In the context of early Christian churches, what was the function of the narthex?
In the context of early Christian churches, what was the function of the narthex?
What is the architectural purpose of pendentives?
What is the architectural purpose of pendentives?
What was the iconostasis's primary function in Byzantine churches?
What was the iconostasis's primary function in Byzantine churches?
Which is the correct meaning for Hagia Eirene?
Which is the correct meaning for Hagia Eirene?
Which of the following best describes the function of a 'mastaba' in ancient Egyptian culture?
Which of the following best describes the function of a 'mastaba' in ancient Egyptian culture?
What was the primary purpose of the Lamassu statues commonly found in Mesopotamian palaces and temples?
What was the primary purpose of the Lamassu statues commonly found in Mesopotamian palaces and temples?
How did the invention of cuneiform contribute to the development of Mesopotamian society?
How did the invention of cuneiform contribute to the development of Mesopotamian society?
Consider the architectural features of ancient Egyptian temples. What is the significance of the hypostyle hall?
Consider the architectural features of ancient Egyptian temples. What is the significance of the hypostyle hall?
What role did Imhotep play in the development of ancient Egyptian architecture?
What role did Imhotep play in the development of ancient Egyptian architecture?
How did the design of Greek houses (Peristyle) contribute to the social and climatic conditions of ancient Greece?
How did the design of Greek houses (Peristyle) contribute to the social and climatic conditions of ancient Greece?
What is the function of the abacus in the design of a column?
What is the function of the abacus in the design of a column?
How does the concept of a 'temenos' reflect the religious beliefs and practices of the ancient Greeks?
How does the concept of a 'temenos' reflect the religious beliefs and practices of the ancient Greeks?
Flashcards
Megastructure
Megastructure
A large stone used in construction, either alone or with others, for monuments or structures.
Cuneiform
Cuneiform
Wedge-shaped writing system, a key achievement in Mesopotamia, allowed information transfer.
Lamassu
Lamassu
A monumental stone sculpture of human-headed, winged bulls or lions guarding entrances.
Serdab
Serdab
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Avenue of Sphinxes
Avenue of Sphinxes
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Pylon
Pylon
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Acropolis
Acropolis
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Necropolis
Necropolis
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Peristyle
Peristyle
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Andron
Andron
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Prostyle
Prostyle
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Caryatid
Caryatid
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Theater (Greek)
Theater (Greek)
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Prytaneion
Prytaneion
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Naos
Naos
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Forum
Forum
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Insula
Insula
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Tepidarium
Tepidarium
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Villa
Villa
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Console
Console
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Voussoirs
Voussoirs
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Atrium
Atrium
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Sacristy
Sacristy
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Pendentive
Pendentive
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Study Notes
- A large stone used in constructing a structure or monument is called a stone.
- A primitive Indian structure of joined logs is a log cabin.
- Wedge-shaped writing was a great achievement, as it allowed transferring information accurately from place to place.
- The Audience Hall of Persepolis is the oldest building phase of the palace complex.
- The series of irrigated ornamental gardens planted on the terraces of the Citadel in ancient Babylon are regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the World.
- A monumental stone sculpture of human-headed, winged bulls or lions that guarded the entrances to Mesopotamian palaces and temples is a lamassu.
- The pyramid in Gizeh is located near the Great Sphinx.
- The Temple of Karnak is dedicated to Amun, the Egyptian god of the sun and air, and also a place for ancient Egyptians to worship Osiris, Isis, and Ptah.
- A characteristic cornice of Egyptian buildings consists of a large cavetto decorated with vertical leaves and a roll molding below.
- A small chamber inside the mastaba containing the statue of the deceased is a serdab.
- A narrow rock-cut corridor in an ancient Egyptian temple is a speos.
- Criosphinxes are rows of monsters with the body of a lion, head of a man, hawk, or ram, usually leading to a monument.
- A raised passageway ceremonially connecting the valley temple with an ancient Egyptian pyramid is a causeway.
- Imhotep is considered the architect of the Step Pyramid of Djoser at the necropolis of Saqqara in Memphis.
- Abu Simbel features rock-cut temples with 4 rock-cut colossal statues of Ramses sitting over 20 m high.
- A monumental gateway to an ancient Egyptian temple, consisting either of a pair of tall truncated pyramids and a doorway between them or of such masonry pierced with a doorway, is a pylon.
- A Greek dwelling-type whose open courtyard is surrounded by colonnades on all sides, often more luxurious, is a peristyle house.
- The fortified high area or citadel of an ancient Greek city is an acropolis.
- The flat slab forming the top of a column capital, plain in the Doric style but molded or otherwise enriched in other styles, is an abacus.
- A historic burial ground, especially a large, elaborate one of an ancient city, is a necropolis
- A monumental gateway to a sacred enclosure, fortification, town, or square is a propylaeum.
- The sacred area or enclosure of a classical Greek temple is a temenos.
- A course of masonry forming the foundation for a row of columns, especially the outermost colonnade of a classical temple is a stylobate.
- A double line of columns surrounding a naos is a dipteral.
- An andreon is a men's dining room where social events with food and wine are held.
- A prostyle refers to a temple or building with a row of columns carrying a portico in front of the main entrance, but not along the sides and rear.
- A caryatid is a carved statue of a draped female figure that functions as a column.
- A theatron, in Greek architecture, is designed for the presentation of plays with choral songs and dances.
- The public town hall for the citizens of ancient Greece, containing state banquet halls and hospitality suites, is a prytaneion.
- The kerkis is an aisle between the lower and upper tiers of seats in an ancient Greek theater concentric with the orchestra and the outer wall and communicating with the radial aisles.
- Canephora refers to 'basket-carrying'; carved statuesque column of a draped female figure carrying a basket or with a basket on her head.
- Fluting is a decorative motif consisting of a series of long, rounded, parallel grooves, on the shaft of a classical column.
- Guttae are replica of wooden pins driven through mutules to secure roof boarding.
- The naos is the principal chamber, the enclosed part of the temple where the cult image was kept.
- An amphitheater is an oval or round building with tiers of seats around a central arena, as those used in Rome for gladiatorial contests and spectacles.
- The column used in the second story of the Colosseum is Ionic.
- The semicircular space in the front of the stage of an ancient Roman theater, reserved for senators and other distinguished spectators, is an orchestra.
- A vault is an arched structure of stone, brick, or reinforced concrete, forming a ceiling or roof over a hall, room, or other wholly or partially enclosed space.
- Opus sectile is a classical Roman marble paving using varying sized and shaped pieces.
- A compluvium is a roof opening in an ancient Roman house through which rainwater discharged into a cistern in the atrium beneath it.
- In classical architecture, a forum is a civic square in a Roman city, used as a meeting or marketplace and for public events.
- Opus incertum is a classical Roman masonry made of rough stones set in mortar.
- The arena is the main central space of a Roman amphitheater or circus or of a bullring, often sanded.
- A taberna is a shop or workshop in classical Roman dwellings.
- Bisellia are dignitary seating in ancient Roman stages and spectator structures.
- A basilica is a Roman building-type, rectangular in shape with an apse at either end, used as a court of justice and an exchange.
- An insula is a Roman masonry and concrete tenement block for the laboring classes.
- A tepidarium is an area in thermae with lukewarm baths.
- The column used in the 4th story of the Colosseum is Corinthian.
- A Roman country house with an estate, originally divided into two parts: the pars urbana, or living area, and pars rustica or working area, is a villa.
- An acanthus leaf is an ornamental bracket, usually in the form of a scroll with acanthus, used in series beneath the corona of a Corinthian, Composite, or Roman Ionic cornice.
- Apollodorus of Damascus is known as the architect of the Pantheon in Rome, the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome.
- Doric columns are simplest among the five orders with a base, unfluted shaft, molded capital, and plain entablature.
- Voussoirs are wedge-shaped units in a masonry arch or vault, having side cuts converging at one of the arch centers.
- The forecourt of an early Christian church, flanked or surrounded by porticoes, is an atrium.
- The narthex is the portico before the nave of an early Christian or Byzantine church, appropriated to penitents.
- The sacrarium is a room in the church where sacred vessels and vestments are kept.
- A cloister is a covered walk having an arcade or colonnade on one side opening onto a courtyard.
- An iconostasis is a screen or partition on which icons are placed, separating the bema from the nave.
- A forecourt or courtyard is an enclosed area in front of a cathedral or church typically one surrounded with colonnades or porticoes.
- The exonarthex is the outer vestibule of an orthodox or early Christian church, adjacent to the entrance.
- The altar is the table in a Christian church upon which the Eucharist, the sacrament celebrating Christ's Last Supper, is celebrated.
- A presbytery is part of an Early Christian church reserved for the choir, or liturgical singers; often a raised platform surrounded by a low balustrade.
- A squinch is a spherical triangle forming the transition from the circular plan of a dome to the polygonal plan of its supporting structure
- Hagia Sophia means "Sacred Wisdom" or "Holy Wisdom" in Greek, constructed to symbolize Justinian's imperial power and illustrate his Christian beliefs.
- Now a museum, known as Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre is famous for its good acoustics and used for concert performances; it also means Holy peace.
- Presence of minarets is an Islamic feature of Hagia Sophia upon conversion into mosques but it had no fountain.
- The Little Metropole in Athens also known as Panagia Gorgoepikoos is the smallest building dubbed as a cathedral in the world.
- The Kariye Museum has the largest number of Byzantine mosaics after the Hagia Sophia and Chora Church in Istanbul and one of the most famous Greek Orthodox Byzantine churches in Istanbul, Turkey.
- The Ishtar Gate's facade and adjoining streets were faced with blue glazed bricks and ornamented with figures of heraldic animals: lions, bulls, and dragons.
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