40 Questions
What is the main function of the corpus luteum in the ovarian cycle?
Produce HIGH levels of progesterone
What causes the sudden surge in LH and FSH levels?
High estrogen positive feedback
What is the reason for the patient's symptoms of feeling warm and having a viscous mucoid secretion coming out of her vagina?
High levels of estrogen
What is the result of high progesterone, inhibin, and estrogen levels on LH and FSH?
They negatively feedback on LH and FSH levels
What is the response of the pituitary to falling estrogen and progesterone levels?
Increase FSH levels
What is the primary function of progesterone in the female reproductive system?
To prepare uterus for pregnancy and breast for lactation
Which of the following estrogens is the most dominant in menopause?
Estrone
What triggers the meiotic maturation, ovulation, and luteinization in the ovarian cycle?
LH surge
What is the primary function of estrogen in the female reproductive system?
Cell proliferation and growth of sex organs and responsible for most of the secondary sexual characteristics of female
What is the result of the declining FSH levels in the ovarian cycle?
Atresia of all but 1 follicle
What is the role of Luteinizing Hormone in the ovarian cycle?
To prime the follicle for ovulation
What is the function of GnRH in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovary Axis?
To activate the basophil cells containing gonadotropins
What is the enzyme that is upregulated by Follicle-Stimulating Hormone?
Aromatase (CYP19)
What is the role of kisspeptin neurons in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovary Axis?
To release GnRH
What is the characteristic of gonadotropins in terms of their structure?
They have similar alpha chain but different beta chains
Where is progesterone primarily transported from in the ovaries?
Granulosa cells
What is the primary function of progesterone in the uterus?
Inhibiting uterine contraction
What percentage of progesterone is bound to albumin, according to Berne?
60%
What is the effect of progesterone on the cervix?
Stimulating copious quantities of thin, watery, slightly alkaline mucus
What is a factor that inhibits GnRH production?
All of the above
What is the location of the GnRH in the hypothalamus?
Arcuate nucleus and preoptic area
What is the frequency of GnRH release?
Once every hour
What is the effect of small levels of estrogen on GnRH during infancy?
Negative feedback
What is the characteristic of GnRH release during puberty?
Initially irregular, becoming rhythmic later
What is the result of the activation of the cycles that release gonadotropins and ovarian steroid hormones during puberty?
The female is now able to procreate
What is the primary function of the external genitalia in the female reproductive system?
To protect the vagina and support the pelvic floor
Which hormone regulates the growth and maturation of the follicles in the ovaries?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
What is the primary function of the uterine cycle?
To prepare the uterus for potential implantation of a fertilized egg
Which hormone is responsible for maintaining the pregnancy?
Progesterone
What is the result of the interaction between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries in the female reproductive system?
Hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle
During the secretory phase, the uterine glands produce a:
nutrient-rich product
What is the primary function of progesterone during the luteal phase?
To prepare the uterus for implantation
What is the effect of high progesterone levels on the uterine epithelial lining?
It becomes more adhesive and glue-like
What is the role of the corpus luteum during the luteal phase?
To produce estrogen and progesterone
What is the effect of progesterone on the stromal cells during the luteal phase?
It promotes their differentiation into predecidual cells
During which phase of the ovarian cycle is progesterone production dominant?
Luteal phase
What is the primary function of the proliferative phase in the uterine cycle?
To thicken the uterine lining
Which hormone regulates the uterine glands during the secretory phase?
Progesterone
What is the result of progesterone's effect on the uterine glands during the secretory phase?
They produce a nutrient-rich product
Which cells are differentiated during the luteal phase due to progesterone's effect?
Stromal cells
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